Horizontal initiatives

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Addressing Drug Impaired Driving in Canada

General information

Name of horizontal initiative

Addressing Drug-Impaired Driving (DID) in Canada

Lead department

Public Safety Canada

Federal partner departments

Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA);
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

Note: Other government departments (e.g., the Department of Justice) are supporting this federal initiative. However, they are not captured in this Horizontal Initiative table as they have not received funding through this initiative.

Start date of the horizontal initiative

April 1, 2017

End date of the horizontal initiative

March 31, 2025Footnote 1

Description of the horizontal initiative

The objective of the horizontal initiative is to build law enforcement capacity to enforce new and stronger laws related to drug-impaired driving.

The initiative is designed to follow through on the Government's key objectives of protecting public health, safety and security.

More specifically, the initiative aims to protect public safety on roadways in Canada by equipping law enforcement with the tools, technology and training necessary to enforce the new drug-impaired driving legislation, and by adding to this deterrence through research, public awareness and the development of evidence-based policies.

The federal partner organizations will establish and implement ongoing delivery of this initiative including policy and program development; research and data collection; national public education and awareness activities; and tracking and measurement.

Activities are organized under four key themes:

Governance structures

Governance is provided through an existing federal, provincial, and territorial (FPT) Assistant Deputy Minister level committee on crime prevention and policing to take stock of overall trends and patterns in DID and results of the initiative; and an FPT working group, represented by public safety and transportation sector officials and police forces that are responsible for planning and implementing a national plan of resources to build law enforcement training capacity across Canada. The FPT Coordinating Committee of Senior Officials led by the Department of Justice is responsible for supporting and developing legal policy options for impaired driving.

Public Safety Canada's Drug Policy Division provides a central coordinating role in tracking key project milestones and in reporting on the Initiative.

The Government is committed to ongoing collaboration and consultation with provincial and territorial partners. In May 2016, the FPT Senior Officials Working Group on Cannabis Legalization and Regulation was struck, to enable FPT governments to exchange information on important issues about the legalization and regulation of cannabis throughout the consultation, design and implementation of the legislation, regulations, and non-regulatory activities. Supporting FPT working groups and committees have also been established to facilitate ongoing engagement in key priority areas, including drug-impaired driving. In addition, existing FPT bodies are also considering the implications of drug-impaired driving. In addition, existing F/P/T bodies are also considering the implications of drug-impaired driving, including F/P/T Deputy Ministers Responsible for Justice and Public Safety.

Total federal funding allocated (from start to end date) (dollars)

$113,683,580

Total federal planned spending to date (dollars)

$113,683,580

Total federal actual spending to date (dollars)

$92,595,198

Date of last renewal of the horizontal initiative

N/A

Total federal funding allocated at the last renewal, and source of funding (dollars)

N/A – No renewal

Additional federal funding received after the last renewal (dollars)

N/A – No renewal

Total planned spending since the last renewal

N/A – No renewal

Total actual spending since the last renewal

N/A – No renewal

Fiscal year of planned completion of next evaluation

A Horizontal Evaluation (led by Public Safety Canada) on Addressing Drug-Impaired Driving and Communication is planned for 2024-25.

Performance highlights

Public Safety Canada

Public Safety Canada's Drug Policy Division has assumed a central coordinating role in advancing and tracking key project milestones, reporting to federal Ministers and senior officials, as well as to Canadians through an annual report on trends and patterns in drug-impaired driving. All three partners contributed to this annual report.

In 2023-24, Public Safety Canada continued to administer multi-year agreements with the provinces and territories aimed at building and enhancing law enforcement capacity to address DID in Canada through the Contribution Program to Combat Serious and Organized Crime (CPCSOC). Under this initiative, the federal Government is providing new funding, announced in 2017, to:

A key priority of the initiative is to develop a common set of data metrics and implement standardized data collection and reporting on DID. Based on data on shared indicators collated from provinces, territories, and federal partners, Public Safety Canada produced the fourth Annual National Data Report to Inform Trends and Patterns in DID.

In order to continue improving knowledge of the impairing effects of cannabis on driving performance, Public Safety Canada provides funding to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) to conduct laboratory studies on the impacts of smoked and ingested cannabis on drivers. The study on the impairing effects of smoked cannabis has shown that overall, higher doses of cannabis have larger significant effects on maximum speed, lane deviation, and reaction time. The study on the impairing effects of edible cannabis products is underway and results are expected in 2024-25.

In 2023-24, Public Safety Canada worked to develop a funding agreement with the University of British Columbia (UBC) to support the continuation of their study collecting toxicological data among injured drivers and to expand this study to 18 hospitals across the country. UBC worked to release an interim report in June 2023.

Training activities in 2023-24 of law enforcement personnel and Border services officers (BSOs) began to reverse the considerable impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-21 and 2021-22 on the number of officers trained in Standardized Field Sobriety Testing (SFST) and as Drug Recognition Experts (DREs). In March 2024, there were over 29,000 SFST-trained officers across the country and 1,034 DREs, close to pre-pandemic levels. Moreover, the total number of evaluations conducted in 2023-24 increased from 4,317 in 2022 to 4,443 in 2023, and the average number of evaluations per DRE officer also increased from 3.16 in 2022 to 3.64 in 2023.

Finally, there has been a significant increase in the number of Approved Drug Screening Devices (ADSE) purchased through this initiative, with eleven of thirteen jurisdictions having procured over 700 devices since the start of the initiative, with 77 purchased in 2023-24. Their use also appears to be increasing.

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

The RCMP delivered 19 Drug Recognition Expert certification training events, exceeding its target of 11, during the fiscal year 2023-24, all of which were available for all law enforcement agencies in Canada.

Canada Border Services Agency

Under the DID horizontal initiative, the CBSA committed to train 1,425 border services officers (30% of land border BSO) in the use of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test (SFST) The SFST is a battery of three divided attention, physical coordination tests used to determine whether a driver is impaired by a drug and/or alcohol.

The CBSA successfully met the training target for year one, certifying 716 officers in the administration of the SFST by the end of fiscal year (FY) 2019-20. The remaining 709 officers were to be trained in FY 2020-2021, but due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and health and safety-related concerns with face to face training, it was necessary to pause the project and re-profile associated funding, in order to safeguard it for project resumption.

In FY 2023-24, the project resumed and the CBSA certified an additional 400 officers for a total of 1,114 officers now trained on administering the SFST. The CBSA is targeting the end of FY 2024-25 for the certification of the remaining 311 officers. This will signify the successful conclusion of the commitment for the CBSA to train 1,425 officers in the administration of the SFST.

During the same period, the SFST was administered at land border crossings a total of 431 times, resulting in 298 arrests of drug impaired drivers.

In FY 2023-24, the CBSA has originally planned to procure approved drug screen equipment, in order to provide BSOs with an additional tool to detect drug impairment. However, after a fulsome review of the devices' capabilities and thorough stakeholder consultations, the CBSA elected to not proceed with the purchase of the devices, due to their lack of suitability for the Agency's operating environment and mandate. This decision demonstrated sound fiscal responsibility and with a heightened reliance on the SFST, the Agency will maintain its commitment to interdicting impaired drivers at the port of entry.

CBSA provided enforcement data for inclusion in the Annual Report on Trends and Patterns on impaired driving in Canada, which is coordinated by Public Safety Canada.

Contact information:
Kristin McLeod, Director
Drug Policy Division, Public Safety Canada
kristin.mcleod@ps-sp.gc.ca

Shared outcomes

Name of theme

Training Development and Delivery

Devices and Processing

Policy and Program Development

Awareness Campaign

Internal Services

Theme outcome(s)

Frontline officers are trained and equipped to enforce legislation

Frontline officers have the tools to detect and interdict drug impaired driving

Funding or collaborative arrangements are in place to support the delivery of the initiative

The public is aware of the risks of driving after cannabis use

N/A

Public Safety Canada

$8,215,584

$1,003,252

$1,327,436

$1,539,154

$42,098

Canada Border Services Agency

$1,422,267

$10,010

$195,516

N/A

$99,201

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

$2,929,114

N/A

N/A

$161,144

$73,435

Performance information

Horizontal initiative overview

Name of theme

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023-24 Planned spending

2023-24 Actual spending

2023-24 Horizontal initiative shared outcome(s)

2023-24 Performance indicator(s)

2023-24 Target(s)

Date to achieve target

2023-24 Actual results

Addressing Drug-Impaired Driving in Canada

$113,254,131

$21,254,131

$16,803,477

Standardized data collection and reporting practices

Percent (%) of provinces and territories (PTs) improving existing or adopting new data collection and reporting practices

100% of P/Ts improve existing or adopt new data collection and reporting practices

March 31, 2025

100%

Percent (%) of standardized data provided by P/Ts

80% of standardized data provided by PTs at the end of the initiative

March 31, 2025

100%

Completion of CBSA system updates to track DID entries

100% completion of system changes

March 31, 2025

100%Footnote 2

Officers are trained and equipped to enforce new legislation

Percent (%) of frontline officers trained in Standardized Field Sobriety Testing, “Drugs that Impair”, and Oral Fluid Drug Screening Devices

33% of frontline officers trained in Standardized Field Sobriety Testing, “Drugs that Impair” and Oral Fluid Drug Screening devices by the end of the initiative

March 31, 2025

42%Footnote 3

# of times Approved Drug Screening Equipment (ADSE) usedFootnote 4

500Footnote 5

March 31, 2025

2145Footnote 6

Number (#) of officers trained as Drug Recognition Experts

1,200 active DRE officers at the end of the initiative

March 31, 2025

1034Footnote 7

Number of border services officers trained in SFST

1,425 CBSA border service officers trained at land ports of entry by the end of FY 2024-25Footnote 8

March 31, 2021

1,114 officers trained

Well-informed public on the risks, dangers and consequences associated with drug-impaired driving (i.e., deterrent effect)

Percent (%) of Canadians who believe that driving under the influence of cannabis is acceptable

Reduce the number of Canadians who believe that driving under the influence of cannabis is acceptable by 5%

March 31, 2025

86% of Canadians surveyed said they do not see driving under the influence of cannabis as acceptable, an increase from 79% in 2017Footnote 9

Reduce the percentage of Canadians who say they would be likely to accept a ride from someone under the influence of cannabis in the future by 5%

March 31, 2025

20.6% of people reported having ever been a passenger in a vehicle driven by someone who had recently used cannabis, down from 21% in 2022Footnote 10

Web traffic on Canada.ca/Cannabis DID Page

Increase of 10,000 video views above the baseline by end of year 1

March 31, 2021

CompletedFootnote 11

Number (#) of impressions on unpaid PS social media platforms

Increase of 300k impressions above the baseline over a 3 month period

March 31, 2021

CompletedFootnote 12

Uptake of downloadable campaign media resources (including posters, downloads, factsheets)

Increase of 5,000 resources distributed and downloaded by the target audience by the end of year 1

March 31, 2021

CompletedFootnote 13

Number (#) of impressions from earned media activities, such as distribution of pre-written print articles distributed to community newspapers

Achieve 2.5 million impressions of pre-written print articles by the end of year 1

March 31, 2021

CompletedFootnote 14

Number (#) of digital video views

Achieve 10,000 video views by end of year 1

March 31, 2021

CompletedFootnote 15

Reduced number of drug-impaired drivers, creating safer roads in Canada.

Trends in the percent (%) of respondents to the Canadian Cannabis Survey (and other emerging surveys) who consumed a drug and drove

10% reduction below adjusted baseline in survey respondents who consumed a drug and drove

March 31, 2025

22.7% of those who used cannabis in the past 12 months reported ever driving within two hours of smoking or vaporizing cannabis – a 15% decrease from the 2018 baseline (27%)Footnote 16

Trends in the % of respondents to the Canadian Cannabis Survey (and other emerging surveys) who were passengers of drivers who consumed drugs

10% reduction below adjusted baseline in survey respondents who were passengers of drivers who consumed drugs

March 31, 2025

20.6% of people reported having ever been a passenger in a vehicle driven by someone who had recently used cannabis, down from 21% in 2022Footnote 17

Percent (%) of drug-impaired driving incidents reported by police as a proportion of all impaired driving incidents

10% increase from 2018 baselineFootnote 18

March 31, 2025

N/AFootnote 19

Number (#) of referrals by CBSA to police of jurisdiction

10% increase above adjusted baseline by 2021Footnote 20

March 31, 2021

298

Theme horizontal initiative activities

Theme 1 Details - Training Development and Delivery

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023-24 Actual results

Training Development and Delivery

$77,871,718

$14,650,601

$12,566,965

Frontline officers are trained and equipped to enforce legislation

% of frontline officers trained in Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

33% of frontline officers

March 31, 2025

42%Footnote 21

Theme 1 horizontal initiative activities: Training Development and Delivery

Name of theme

Link to the department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023–24 Actual results

Public Safety Canada

Serious and Organized Crime

Training and Development Delivery

$61,783,000

$11,898,350

$8,215,584

Provinces and territories (P/Ts) are able to send frontline police officers to training sessions for Standard Field Sobriety Testing, “Drugs that Impair” and Oral Fluid Drug Screening Devices

Number (#) of training sessions for Standard Field Sobriety Testing, “Drugs that Impair” and Oral Fluid Drug Screening Devices

5 training sessions for Standardized Field Sobriety Testing, “Drugs that Impair”, and Oral Fluid Drug Screening Devices

March 31, 2025

142

P/Ts are able to certify Drug Recognition Experts

Number (#) of Drug Recognition Experts certified annually

200 Drug Recognition Experts certified each year

March 31, 2023

227Footnote 22

Internal Services

N/A

$210,487

$42,098

$42,098

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Canada Border Services Agency

Force Generation

Training and Development Delivery

$3,366,060

$1,384,541

$1,384,541 (including re-profiled amount)

New training, curriculum and course development for enforcement actions at ports of entry related to drug-impaired driving (or vehicle operation) at Canada's borders

Completion of material and pilot course by end 2018

Completion of material and pilot course by end 2018

March 31, 2022Footnote 23

Completed

Traveller Facilitation and Compliance Program

Training and Development Delivery

$4,976,718

$0

$0

New training, curriculum and course development for enforcement actions at ports of entry related to drug-impaired driving (or vehicle operation) at Canada's borders

Completion of material and pilot course by end 2018

Completion of material and pilot course by end 2018

March 31, 2022Footnote 24

Completed

Buildings and Equipment

Training and Development Delivery

$316,158 (including ongoing)

$37,726

$37,726

Officers trained and equipped to enforce new legislation

Percent (% ) of Border Services Officers at land ports of entry trained in SFST

30% by end of FY 2024-25Footnote 25

March 31, 2023

78%Footnote 26

Reduced number of drug-impaired drivers at land ports of entry, improving public safety

Number (#) of suspect ted drug-impaired drivers intercepted at land ports of entry

10% increase from 2018 baselineFootnote 27

March 31, 2022

431

New training, curriculum and course development for enforcement actions at ports of entry related to drug impaired driving (or vehicle operation) at Canada's borders

Completion of material and pilot course by end 2018

Completion of material and pilot course by end 2018

March 31, 2022

Completed

Internal Services

N/A

$859,298

$99,201

$99,201

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

National DRE Office

Training Development and Delivery

$7,429,782

$1,329,984

$2,929,114

Training following the IACP guidelines is delivered

Number (#) of DRE training sessions delivered annually

A minimum of 11 DRE training sessions

March 31, 2022

19

Internal Services

N/A

$462,887

$58,634

$60,638

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Theme 2 – Details: Devices & Processing

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023-24 Actual results

Devices & Processing

$21,950,632

$2,824,858

$1,013,262

Frontline officers have the tools to detect and interdict drug impaired driving

Number of training sessions delivered on ADSE, SFST and DRE.

5 training sessions for Oral Fluid Drug Screening DevicesFootnote 28

March 31, 2025

142

Theme 2 - Horizontal Initiative Activities: Devices & Processing

Departments

Link to the department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023-24 Actual results

Public Safety Canada

Serious and Organized Crime

Devices and Processing

$20,336,555

$1,656,734

$1,003,252

Number (#) of times the SFST was used

Number (#) of times the SFST was used and the results

1000

March 31, 2025

407Footnote 29

Number (#) of times the ADSE was used

Number(#) of times the Approved Drug Screening Equipment (ADSE) was used and the results

500

March 31, 2025

2,145Footnote 30

Canada Border Services Agency

Traveller Facilitation and Compliance Program

Devices and processing

$1,614,077

$1,168,124 (including reprofiled amount)

$10,010

Number (#) of times the SFST was used

Number (#) of times the SFST was used and the results

120Footnote 31

March 31, 2025

409Footnote 32

Number (#) of times the ADSE was usedFootnote 33

Number(#) of times the ADSE was used and the results

20Footnote 34

March 31, 2025

N/AFootnote 35

Theme 3 - Horizontal Initiative Details: Policy and Program Development

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023-24 Actual results

Policy and Program Development

$9,962,169

$2,661,730

$1,522,952

Funding or collaborative arrangements are in place to support the delivery of the initiative

All P/Ts and police jurisdictions have signed funding agreements or collaborative arrangements

100%

March 31, 2021

100%

Theme 3 - Horizontal Initiative Activities - Policy and Program Development

Name of theme

Link to the department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023–22 2023-24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023–24 Actual results

Public Safety Canada

Serious and Organized Crime

Policy and Program Development

$5,454,480

$2,156,570

$1,327,436

P/Ts sign agreements to access the Contribution Program to Combat Serious and Organized Crime (CPCSOC), and collect and report data

Percent (%) P/Ts reporting against standardized indicators

100% of P/Ts report on standardized indicators

March 31, 2021

100%

Canada Border Services Agency

Traveller Facilitation and Compliance Program

Policy and Program Development

$4,507,689

$505,160

$195,516

The CBSA has developed the necessary policies and procedures to support the Border Services Officers including Written Collaborative Arrangements with various police agencies

Percent (%) of police jurisdictions for which Written Collaborative Arrangements are signed (jurisdictions signed vs. total number of jurisdictions)

100% of police jurisdictions with Written Collaborative Agreements signed

March 31, 2021

70%Footnote 36

The CBSA has access to reliable data on drug-impaired driving

Number (#) of drug-impaired driving offences recorded in CBSA Integrated Customs Enforcement System

10% increase from 2018 baselineFootnote 37

March 31, 2021

298

Theme 4 Details: Awareness Campaign

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023-24 Actual results

Awareness Campaign

$3,469,612

$1,075,282

$1,700,298

The public is aware of the risks of driving after cannabis use

Percent of Canadians who report driving within two hours of cannabis use

10% below 2018 baselineFootnote 38

March 31, 2025

22.7% of those who used cannabis in the past 12 months reported driving within two hours of smoking or vaporizing cannabis – a 15% decrease from the 2018 baseline (27%)Footnote 39

Theme 4 - Horizontal Initiative Activities: Awareness Campaign

Departments

Link to the department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023-24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023-24 Actual results

Public Safety Canada

Crime Prevention

Public Awareness Campaign

$2,657,184

$959,935

$1,539,154

The public is aware of the available Canada.ca/Cannabis materials

Percent (%) of web traffic on Canada.ca/Cannabis

Years 1-2: 25% increase in web traffic
Years 3-4: 50% increase in web traffic

March 31, 2021

N/AFootnote 40

Raise awareness among Canadian youth that drug-impaired driving is dangerous, illegal and socially unacceptable

Percent (%) of Canadian youth that believe drug-impaired driving is dangerous, illegal and socially unacceptable

5% increase in Canadian youth belief that drug-impaired driving is dangerous, illegal and socially unacceptable

March 31, 2022

83.4% of 16-24 year old agree with the statement “using cannabis impairs one's ability to drive or operate a vehicle”, up from 77% in 2017Footnote 41

Increase the percentage of parents who have discussed drug-impaired driving with their youth

Percent (%) of parents who have discussed drug-impaired driving with their children

5% increase in parents who have discussed drug-impaired driving with their children

March 31, 2022

N/AFootnote 42

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Contract and Indigenous Policing Operations Support

Public Awareness Campaign

$812,428

$115,347

$161,144

Youth are engaged in RCMP-led public awareness activities, in support of the Public Safety-led drug-impaired driving public awareness campaign

Number (#) of consultation sessions with youth by the RCMP Contract and Aboriginal Policing to discuss drug-impaired driving dangers and risks

Minimum of 2 consultations per year

March 31, 2022

TBD

Awareness products on the dangers of drug-impaired driving are updated

Number (#) of awareness products updated by the RCMP related to the dangers of drug-impaired driving

At least one (1) awareness product reviewed or updated each fiscal year

March 31, 2022

1 DID awareness product updated

RCMP awareness products are informative and helpful

Percent (%) of consulted youth who strongly agreed or agreed that the RCMP awareness products of drug-impaired driving were informative and helpful

80%

March 31, 2022

91%

Internal Services

N/A

$55,979

$12,240

$12,797

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Total spending, all themes

Theme Name

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Total federal planned spending

2023–24 Total federal actual spending

Training Development and Delivery

$77,871,718

$14,650,601

$12,566,965

Devices and Processing

$21,950,632

$2,824,858

$1,013,262

Policy and Program Development

$9,962,169

$2,661,730

$1,522,952

Awareness Campaign

$3,469,612

$1,075,282

$1,700,298

Subtotal, all themes

$113,254,131

$21,212,471

$16,803,477

Internal Services

$1,588,651

$212,173

$214,734

Total, all themes

$114,842,782

$21,424,644

$17,018,211

An Emergency Management Strategy for Canada (Closing report)

General information

Name of horizontal initiative

An Emergency Management Strategy for Ensuring Better Disaster Management in Canada

Start date of the horizontal initiative

2019–20

End date of the horizontal initiative

2023–24 (and ongoing for certain initiatives)

Lead department

Public Safety Canada

Number of times renewed

0

Federal partner departments

Environment and Climate Change Canada;
Indigenous Services Canada;
Natural Resources Canada

Other non-federal partners

N/A

Expenditures

Total federal funding from start to end date (authorities and actual)

Themes and internal services

Authorities (according to the TB submission)

Actual spending

Variance(s)

Strategic Objective 1: Enhance whole-of-society collaboration and governance to strengthen resilience

N/A

N/A

N/A

Strategic Objective 2: Improve understanding and awareness of disaster risks to enable risk-informed decision-making in all sectors of society

$30,949,906 and $1,047,594 ongoing

$27,153,236

$3,816,187

Strategic Objective 3: Increase whole-of-society disaster prevention and mitigation activities

$83,965,956 and $4,997,127 ongoing

$80,941,713

$3,024,243

Strategic Objective 4: Enhance preparedness activities to allow for better response capacity and coordination and foster the development of new capabilities

$38,182,113 and $2,340,550 ongoing

$35,957,868

$2,224,245

Strategic Objective 5: Strengthen recovery efforts by building back better to minimize the impacts of future disasters

N/A

N/A

N/A

Internal services

$8,908,399

$8,908,401

N/A

Totals

$162,006,374 and $9,275,500 ongoing

$152,941,700

$9,064,674

Results

Performance indicator(s) and trend data for shared outcome(s)

Performance indicators

Trend data

Overview

Disaster impacts are less than projected by UN Sendai reporting projections

The Sendai Framework Monitor (SFM) measures national implantation of seven global targets and 38 global indicators agreed to by all Member States in February 2017. It also allows for additional custom targets and additional indicators which align with the four priorities of the Sendai Framework, but are based on Canada's national Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) strategies.

In 2023-24, Canada began using the SFM to report within the Global Sendai Framework Reporting Cycle:

  • Every March 31 of the year, there is reporting on data for Targets A, B, C, D, and E for previous year. This information is required for reporting to the UN for input into the annual Sustainable Development Goals Report.
  • Every October 1 of the year, there is reporting for Targets A through G for the previous year. This data informs the Annual Technical Forums on Sendai Framework Monitoring that takes place towards the end of the year in Bonn, Germany, and thereafter, a snapshot report on SFM.

At the midpoint of the Sendai Framework, UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) highlighted a number of key areas to be prioritized through 2030 if the implementation of the Sendai Framework is to be successful. In particular, UNDRR has emphasized the need to strengthen risk governance architecture and further develop DRR-relevant institutional structures. As well, UNDRR has asserted that the principles of ‘building back better' must be prioritized in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing frequency and intensity of climatic disasters. These recommendations stem from a need and perceived opportunity to promote risk-informed and prevention-oriented approaches to sustainable development in 2023 and beyond, with the Sendai Framework as the connecting tissue to achieving the post-2015 Development Agenda.

Canada is working to develop strong reporting procedures across Sendai targets. For 2023-24, Canada has completed the meta-data required for reporting and fully reported, in conjunction with Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), on all Target G indicators. Public Safety Canada is working with Global Affairs Canada (GAC) to determine a reporting framework for Target F and is developing the structure to report on Target A and B.

Public Safety Canada is utilizing information readily available from StatsCan, the Canadian Disaster Database, Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements, the Emergency Management Strategy, and the National Public Alerting System. Additionally. the Department is consulting across the department and with OGDs to determine available data to enable Canada to report on as many indicators as possible.

Objective 1 outcome: Increased collaboration with EM Partners

Percent (%) of Federal-Provincial-Territorial (FPT) strategies approved with FPT and Indigenous Strategies or Action Plans

100% - Upwards trend: 0 approved plans to 1 approved plan.

Percent (%) of FPT working groups with Indigenous representatives (FPTI)

0%

Percent (%) of FPT strategies approved with FPTI governance

100% - Upwards trend: 0 approved plans to 1 approved plan.

Objective 2 outcome: Improved availability of information on disaster risks

Percent (%) of years updated National Risk Profile (NRP) made public (1 / alternating years)

100%

This indicator was only reported on in 2023-24, so no trend data from previous years is available. The National Risk Profile Public Report was published in 2023-24. As of the time of reporting, one year has elapsed since the public launch of the NRP, and in that year, an up-to-date NRP was made public.

Due to delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic, NRP assessment activities and the resulting public report were delayed due to a need to redesign assessment processes for a pandemic paradigm. The inaugural NRP public report was released in May 2023 despite being initially planned for fiscal year 2022-23.

Percent (%) of P/Ts providing risk assessments to the NRP

100%

Each province and territory has provided support to NRP risk and capability assessments from the beginning of assessments in 2021.

Percent (%) of critical infrastructure owners/operators that take risk management action following a site assessment

In 2023-24, based on Regional Resilience Assessment Program (RRAP) survey data, 87% of critical infrastructure owners and operators have taken action to increase their resiliency following a site assessment.

Percent (%) of Regional Resilience Assessment Program (RRAP) site assessment participants who indicated their level of awareness/understanding has increased as a result of the assessment

In 2023-24, 98% of site assessment participants indicated that their level of awareness and understanding had increased as a result of their assessments.

Percent (%) of respondents that indicated Virtual Risk Analysis Cell (VRAC) analytical products increased understanding and awareness of disaster risks

N/A - During the durations, surveys were available to respondents. They did not yield results before the direction of the team was changed and those surveys were discontinued. Surveys intended to collect this data were attached to products first in September 2021, a new version was made available March 2022 and the VRAC team has since ceased producing regular analytical assessment products as of August 2022.

Percent (%) of FPT responsible authorities indicating that federal wildfire risk assessments improved their ability to assess risk

Data not available, due to the fact that Federal wildfire risk assessments were not conducted as originally anticipated. The National Risk Assessment Framework that would guide relevant risk assessments will now be developed under the auspices of the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers. Target publication of the National Wildland Fire Risk Assessment Framework is in 2025-26.

Percent (%) of users of online risk-assessment tool indicating it improved their ability to assess risk

Data not available.

The BETA/Proof of Concept version of the tool was not published online. The Canadian Forest Service is reviewing the development of the publicly available online risk assessment tool in light of the Federal Climate Data Strategy and Disaster Risk Reduction Data Strategy. A National Risk Assessment Framework for Wildland Fire will be developed under the auspices of the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers and will provide the foundational methodology for an online risk assessment tool. Target publication of the National Wildland Fire Risk Assessment Framework is in 2025-26.

Publicly available coverage of earthquake risk assessed at the neighborhood level for Canada

100% coverage achieved. National earthquake risk assessment completed and available at the neighborhood scale at www.riskprofiler.ca.

Local, regional, and/or provincial and territorial governments develop risk assessments using NRCan tools, knowledge and methods

Over 20 local, regional, provincial, and territorial governments have used NRCan seismic risk data to develop risk assessments and plans.

Some examples are :

  • Health Emergency Management BC;
  • the City of Vancouver;
  • the Province of BC through their BC Provincial Earthquake Immediate Response Strategy;
  • the Strathcona Regional District, many government agencies through Coastal Response 2023;
  • the City of Victoria;
  • the Province of BC through the Emergency Management and Climate Readiness BC's climatereadybc.gov.bc.ca;
  • the Comox Valley Regional District; the District of North Vancouver;
  • the Seabird Island Band First Nation community;
  • the District of North Vancouver;
  • the City of Esquimalt;
  • the community of Dunbar;
  • and, hundreds of planners from municipalities across Canada through engagement with the Canadian Institute of Planners.

Number (#) of geospatial tools developed to modernize and advance flood Mapping in Canada

3 tools have been developed to modernize and advance flood mapping in Canada.

Number (#) of published federal Hydrologic and Hydraulic best practices developed with ECCC expertise that have been peer-reviewed

2023-24 results: 5 as of March 2024.

Objective 3 outcome : Increased awareness of disaster risk reduction strategies

Percent (%) of Canadians aware of risks in their area

91% - No upward trend has been identified in the number of Canadians who express awareness of a risk in their area, per PCO polling data collected from 2022 to 2024.

Percent (%) of Canadians who have taken protective measures in response to risks

32% - A slight upward trend can be identified, increasing from 25% to 29% from 2022 to 2023, and increasing from 29% to 32% from 2023 to 2024. Data is measured through PCO polling data collected from 2022 to 2024. It is worth noting that the data measured includes respondents who reported that they had taken measures in their household and community, and those who reported measures in their household, but not in their community.

While Public Safety Canada undertakes emergency preparedness awareness initiatives to try to influence Canadian behaviours when it comes to preparing for disaster risk, Canadians are ultimately responsible for their own levels of preparedness. Research has found that people only take action when: (a) they know what specific actions can be taken to reduce their particular risks, (b) they are convinced these actions will be effective, and (c) they believe in their own ability to carry out the tasks. Further research and analysis would be required to understand existing gaps between public awareness messaging and individual

Percent (%) of FPT responsible authorities indicating that Canadian Fire Services (CFS) wildfire science and systems improved their ability to respond to wildfires

73%Footnote 43

Number (#) of at risk First Nations communities that receive FireSmart training annually

In FY 2023-24, at least 57 First Nations received FireSmart trainingFootnote 44.

Number (#) of hectares of wildland interface within Indigenous communities treated as part of fuel management activities

FireSmart performance indicators were overhauled internally in Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) during the 2023-24 season, and this indicator was replaced. This indicator was replaced as data received was incomplete and placed further reporting burden on First Nations. Therefore, we do not have the data for this request.

At least 36 First Nations have engaged in fuel management activities in FY 2023-24.

Objective 4 outcome : Increase preparedness and response capabilities with in Canadian communities

Continuous improvements in Core Capability evaluation scores

Only one set of data is currently final and available to the public: the data from the 2023 National Risk Profile public report. With only one year of data, continuous improvement cannot be identified, nor can any trend.

Alerts issued for 100% of earthquakes above threshold “M” within a defined time period “t”

N/A – Earthquake Early Warning System did not go live until April 2024

Percent (%) of Emergency Management Organizations (EMOs) of a warned area who report having seen or heard a recent coastal flooding warning and who took action in response

2023-24 results: Not available.

Coastal flooding warnings will not be operational until Summer 2024 due to the expansion of the service. ECCC will use the term “Coastal Flooding” as its default terminology rather than the previous term “storm surge.” This change in terminology more accurately describes this weather event and clearly communicates its potential impact on Canadians.

Objective 5 outcome : Reduction in repeat DFAA claims by “Building Back Better”

N/A

Theme 5 was not covered by the EMS budget items in Budget 2019 and is therefore not subject to reporting through the EMS Horizontal Initiative Results Framework.

Brief explanation of performance

Public Safety Canada (PS)
Emergency Management Strategy
National Risk Profile (NRP)
Regional Resilience Assessment Program (RRAP)
Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)
National Risk Profile – Hazard Floodplain Mapping

In 2023-24, ECCC worked with NRCan and PS to modernize best practices for the promotion of consistent floodplain mapping in Canada. This included engaging with provinces and territories to inform flood mapping engineering methods and approaches to assess flood maps and supporting NRCan in advancing a national flood-mapping standard. The Federal Hydrologic and Hydraulic Procedures for Flood Hazard Delineation has undergone a review from experts at ECCC as well as a review from the provinces and territories and version 2 was published in November 2023. Updates for Version 3 of the document have started.

Key activities and performance highlights conducted in 2023-24 include:

Predicting and Alerting Flooding (Coastal Flooding)

ECCC also committed to an initiative focused on predicting and alerting for coastal flooding for the Great Lakes, St. Lawrence Seaway, the West Coast, and the Arctic coastline. This initiative is intended to expand the operational capacity for prediction of storm-induced coastal flooding by investing in developing comprehensive coastal flooding prediction and alerting services.

Key activities and performance highlights conducted in 2023-24 include:

Indigenous Services Canada (ISC)
FireSmart
Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)
Wildfire Risk Management/Wildland Fire (NRCan and NSERC)
Geoscience to Keep Canada Safe
Core Geospatial Data

The Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO) under its core geospatial data program and EMS floodplain mapping initiative developed and distributed core geospatial data and tools that helped advance flood mapping in Canada.

Key activities and performance highlights conducted in 2023-24 include:

Wildfire Risk Management - (NRCan and NSERC)

Programs receiving ongoing funding

Program

Ongoing funding

Purpose

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) - Earthquake Early Warning

$2,505,500

Ongoing funding supports the continued operation, maintenance and sustainment of the Earthquake Early Warning system.

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) - Increasing Resiliency to Wildland Fire

$5,400,000

Eighteen (18) FTEs – including RES, PC, CS and EC classifications, and related O&M ($0.3M per year O&M) to maintain the expanded CFS Wildfire Risk Management research program. An amount of capital ($0.4M per year) for maintenance of upgraded IM/IT systems. An amount of G&C ($2M per year) primarily to support Indigenous fire stewardship initiatives.

Total

$7,905,500; $1,400,000 ongoing

N/A

Plans (including timelines) for evaluation and/or audit

An OAG Audit on Climate Change Adaptation is planned for 2024-25. The Department scoped in are Public Safety Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Health Canada, Infrastructure Canada, and Natural Resource Canada.

A Horizontal Roll-up Evaluation (led by ECCC) on Climate Change Adaptation is planned for 2025-26.

Environment and Climate Change Canada

ECCC's Audit and Evaluation Branch (AEB) was provided funding in 2022-23 to conduct an audit.

Going forward, ECCC's AEB does not require additional audit. However, this decision could change depending on if ECCC's programs receiving ongoing funding falls under the classification of a Horizontal Initiative or if Public Safety plans to lead a horizontal evaluation.

Natural Resources Canada

Funding to Enhance Canada's Firearm Control Framework

General information

Name of horizontal initiative

Funding to Enhance Canada's Firearm Control Framework (FECFCF)

Lead department

Public Safety Canada

Federal partner departments

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP);
Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)

Note: Other government departments (e.g., the Department of Justice) are supporting this federal initiative. However they are not captured in this Horizontal Initiative table as they have not received funding through this initiative.

Start date of the horizontal initiative

December 2, 2021

End date of the horizontal initiative

March 31, 2026

Description of the horizontal initiative

Escalating firearms-related violence is fueling public concern and giving rise to demands for federal action to curtail the availability of firearms in Canada. The Government has committed to implementing effective firearms-related measures that prioritize public safety to maintain legal access, use and ownership of firearms, prevent the misuse of firearms and reduce gun crime and criminal activity. A balanced approach is required to ensure that efforts to reduce violent crime are focused on those who use firearms for illicit purposes, while not impeding on legal firearm owners.

The shared outcomes for this initiative are as follows:

PS provides federal leadership on Canada's firearms policies, laws, and regulations, and since firearms control is a shared responsibility between the federal government and Canada's provinces and territories (PTs), the Department also engages and collaborates with its federal partners, PTs, and stakeholders to address firearm-related matters.

Several programs in the RCMP contribute directly to this horizontal initiative. The RCMP is responsible for operations of the Canada Firearms Program (CFP) and the administration of the Firearms Act (the Act) and its regulations. It also provides direct operational and technical firearms-related support to law enforcement across Canada and abroad. The CFP's mission is to enhance public safety by supporting lawful ownership and use of firearms so as to reduce the risk of harm that results when firearms are misused. To this end, it provides a number of important services to Canadians including screening individuals for eligibility to possess and/or acquire a firearm, licensing businesses that manufacture and sell firearms, and registering restricted and prohibited firearms. Additional support is provided by: National Forensic Laboratory, which can restore serial numbers that aid tracing efforts as well as link seemingly unrelated criminal cases to a single firearm; Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (CISC) and its intelligence holdings on known or suspected criminals and criminal groups involved in serious or organized crime, which are accessible to over 380 federal, provincial, and municipal law enforcement and public safety member agencies across Canada; and Federal Policing's efforts to develop intelligence related to transnational organized crime groups activities related to firearms trafficking and smuggling activities.

The CBSA plays a critical role in detecting and interdicting illicit firearms entering Canada. The CBSA contributes to the Government's firearm-related commitments through the implementation of a Firearms Strategy focusing on the identification, disruption, interdiction, enforcement, investigation and prosecution of illicit firearms and related activities using an intelligence-led, problem solving and integrated approach. The Firearms Strategy also focuses on partnerships with domestic and international partners in combatting the threat that firearms pose to our community

Governance structures

The FECFCF leverages an Assistant Deputy Minister (ADM)-level committee, co-chaired by PS and RCMP, with participation from the CBSA and other federal partners as the oversight committee for the initiative. The role of the committee includes reviewing the status of various activities within the FECFCF and progress made in meeting performance targets; making direct adjustments if necessary; and providing overall direction to the implementation of the horizontal initiative.

Additionally, PS formalized a working group which includes representatives from PS, RCMP, and CBSA in order to ensure excellence in programming, results, financial planning and reporting and horizontal collaboration on meeting Government commitments on firearms.

Total federal funding allocated (from start to end date) (dollars)

$206,423,296

Total federal planned spending to date (dollars)

$95,535,645

Total federal actual spending to date (dollars)

$78,488,504

Date of last renewal of the horizontal initiative

N/A

Total federal funding allocated at the last renewal, and source of funding (dollars)

N/A

Additional federal funding received after the last renewal (dollars)

N/A

Total planned spending since the last renewal

N/A

Total actual spending since the last renewal

N/A

Fiscal year of planned completion of next evaluation

A Horizontal Evaluation of the Funding the Enhance Canada's Firearms Control Framework is planned for 2025-26.

Performance highlights

Public Safety Canada (PS)

In 2023-24, PS continued to provide firearms policy leadership and coordination to advance the government's commitments on firearms in order to strengthen the firearms control framework.

This included:

Canada Border Service Agency (CBSA)

In 2023-24, the CBSA executed on its commitments and continued to build upon its successes from 2022-23. It focused on increasing its capacity to enhance its intelligence and investigative capacity, created meaningful and timely intelligence products, broke down barriers and increased information sharing with its partners, finalized the deployment of detection equipment at the land borders, and continued its next steps for its Artificial Intelligence.

Enhanced Intelligence and Investigative Capacity:
In the first year of the initiative, the CBSA established the National Firearms Intelligence Desk (NFID). This provided the Agency and its partners with timely analysis of the sources, routes, and methods by which illicit firearms enter Canada. The team is looking to better position the Agency and its law enforcement partners to respond in an agile manner to shifts in organized firearm smuggling activity. It also ensured seizure and trend data is fed back into the CBSA's data analytics and automated risk assessment functions to continuously refine the Agency's capacity to detect firearm smuggling attempts. The NFID also participates in the Canada-United States Cross-Border Firearms Task Force, a forum to scope and identify ways to counter firearm smuggling across the Canada-United States border.

Additional firearm-focused intelligence and criminal investigation resources have been assigned to every region to ensure the Agency can deliver on its Firearms Strategy and offer committed participation in firearm-related joint force operations with federal, provincial, and municipal law enforcement partners. These resources also support and feed into the NFID, including in their development of an annual National Firearms Threat Assessment.

Legislative, regulatory and policy development:
During 2023-24, the CBSA continued to support a number of federal priorities by advancing its firearms policy agenda in collaboration with federal partners such as the advancement of Bill C-21. As such, the CBSA has and will continue policy work on the implementation of the handgun import restrictions, planned coordination with RCMP regarding the export of firearms, and has prepared for committee appearances.

Threat Detection at Borders:
CBSA has successfully deployed all units, with the final handheld X-ray device delivered to the regions in the 2023-24 fiscal year. CBSA continued to provide training, support, and reporting on the use of these instruments. Additionally, CBSA remained committed to exploring new technologies to enhance detection capabilities.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Identification and AI Threat Detection in Parcels:
The work performed on the Artificial Intelligence Proof of Concept has provided significant insight to the CBSA in implementing AI technologies within the agency. The lessons learned from this POC will be used to inform future CBSA activities/project work as applicable to AI and X-ray technology. This is expected to further strengthen and position the Agency's capabilities to combat contraband firearms and firearms parts.

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

On 1 November 2023, the RCMP's Canadian National Firearms Tracing Centre (CNFTC) renewed its Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), ensuring continued access to the latter's e-Trace database. This information-sharing agreement facilitates and enhances cross-border firearms tracing capabilities for both partners, improving joint efforts to curb international smuggling of firearms between Canada and the US. In 2023, the CNFTC submitted 2,650 requests to the ATF's e-Trace system and CNFTC received a total of 9 trace requests from the US.

During FY 2023-24, the Canadian Firearms Digital Services Suite Project enabled the following services to be made available to the public online: the MyCFP Inbox to allow for the secure exchange of information with CFP clients; the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada Adaptation Regulations (APCAR) capability when applying for a Firearms License; the Sustenance Fee Waiver application; and the Minors License application.

Federal Policing National Intelligence established a new relationship with the United States Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) Exodus Command Centre South, travelling down to the new Huntsville, Alabama centre to explore and commit to joint work aimed at preventing illicit weapons proliferation and trafficking. The outcome of this work was the establishment of a new HSI-RCMP intelligence sharing working group on firearms that is meeting quarterly to discuss joint intelligence and operational opportunities.

Contact information

Firearms Policy Division
ps.firearms-armesafeu.sp@ps-sp.gc.ca

Shared Outcomes

Name of theme

Strengthen services to support the lawful acquisition, ownership and use of firearms

Combat illegal firearm-related activities

Enhance firearms policy advice and promote awareness of firearm programs

Internal Services

Theme outcome(s)

Canadians and law enforcement benefit from easier access to and improved delivery of firearms regulatory services

Illegal firearm-related activity in Canada is reduced

Canadian communities are safe from firearm-related crime

N/A

Public Safety Canada

N/A

N/A

$1,663,013

$1,357,534

Canada Border Services Agency

N/A

$5,843,225

N/A

$1,184,307

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

$13,610,612

$9,536,105

$0

$3,371,134

Performance information

Horizontal Initiative Overview

Name of theme

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023-24 Planned spending

2023-24 Actual spending

Horizontal initiative shared outcome(s)

2023-24 Performance indicator(s)

2023-24 Target(s)

Date to achieve target

2023-24 Actual results

Enhance Canada's Firearm Control Framework

$206,423,296

$41,976,223

$36,565,930

Firearm-related crime in Canada is reduced

Percent (%) decrease of police reported break and enter to steal a firearm from a residence or motor vehicle

2% annual decrease against baseline (2019: 1,072 incidents reported)

Annually

37% decreaseFootnote 45

Percent (%) decrease in the # of violent crime victims as a result of firearm violence

1% reduction from current baseline of approximately 1,500 (2016)

Annually

8.9% increase in rate of firearm-related violent crimeFootnote 46

Percent (%) decrease of firearm-related homicides

1.5% annual decrease against baseline (2019: 263)

Annually

9.8% increase from targetFootnote 47

Percent (%) decrease in the # of intimate partner violence victims where a firearm was present

1% reduction from current baseline of 576 (2018)

Annually

N/AFootnote 48

Theme horizontal initiative activities

Theme 1 Details - Strengthen services to support the lawful acquisition, ownership and use of firearms

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023-24 Actual results

Strengthen services to support the lawful acquisition, ownership and use of firearms

$76,148,388

$17,421,100

$13,610,612

Canadians and law enforcement benefit from easier access to and improved delivery of firearms regulatory services

Percentage (%) of licence applications that are processed within established service standards

90% of licence applications that do not require further review complete initial processing within 35 days

FY 2025-26

N/AFootnote 49

Theme 1 horizontal initiative Activities - Strengthen services to support the lawful acquisition, ownership and use of firearms

Departments

Link to department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding,  allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since last renewalFootnote * (dollars)

2023–24 planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars)

2023-24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023-24 Actual results

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Canadian Firearms Program (CFP

Enhance delivery of CFP services to Canadians and Law Enforcement

$48,257,850

$9,956,004

$6,679,944

Additional regulatory services are available online

Percent (%) of services to Canadians that are newly available online

100% individual & 75% business services available onlineFootnote 50

FY 2025-26

N/AFootnote 51

The target population uses regulatory services online

Percent (%) of newly available services to Canadians that are accessed online

80% individual
50% businessFootnote 52  

FY 2025-26

N/AFootnote 53

Canadians benefit from easy access to regulatory services

Percent (%) of licence applications that are processed within established service standards

90% of licence applications that do not require further review complete initial processing within 35 days

FY 2025-26

N/AFootnote 54

IM / IT Sector

Enhance delivery of CFP services to Canadians and Law Enforcement

$27,890,538

$7,465,096

$6,930,668

Canadian Firearms Digital Services Solution replaces Canadian Firearms Information System with a reliable and readily adaptable firearms regulatory IM/IT platform

% of times CFP IT Service Desk incidents are resolved within 4 hours (reliability)

80% (2020: 44%)

FY 2025-26

58%Footnote 55

% of application that is covered by automated testing tools for Quality Control (adaptability)

100% (2020: 0%)

FY 2025-26

N/AFootnote 56

Theme 2 Details - Combat illegal firearm-related activities

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023-24 Actual results

Combat illegal firearm-related activities

$82,778,652

$16,908,546

$15,379,330

Illegal firearm-related activity in Canada is reduced

% increase in the number of firearms seizures in postal and courier modes

10% smuggling, 5% postal and courier modes

March 2026

85%Footnote 57
92%Footnote 58

% change in the number of police-reported incidents of weapons trafficking

10% annual increase for 2-3 years, followed by a 10% annual decrease ongoing (baseline: 197 incidents in 2020)

FY 2025-26

4.4% increase from 2022Footnote 59

Theme 2 Activities - Combat illegal firearm-related activities

Departments

Link to department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding,  allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since last renewalFootnote * (dollars)

2023–24 planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars)

2023-24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023-243 horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023-24 Actual results

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Canadian Firearms Program

Enhance the ability of the RCMP to trace crime guns and detect bulk/straw purchasing

$6,735,964

$1,607,034

$1,147,733

Law enforcement agencies use regulatory services to combat the unlawful acquisition of firearms

Percent (%) increase in the number of trace requests received annually by the Canadian National Firearms Tracing Centre

10-20% increase in the number of trace requests received annually by Canadian National Firearms Tracing Centre

FY 2023-24

N/AFootnote 60

Law enforcement agencies requests for regulatory services are completed within established service standards

Percent (%) of Canadian National Firearms Tracing Centre trace requests completed within established service standard timelines

90% of trace requests completed:

  • Within 7 days (for traces where international engagement is not required); or
  • Within 90 days (for traces where international engagement is required)

FY 2023-24

International engagement not required, completed within 7 days - 78.68%

International engagement required, completed within 90 days - 99.10%Footnote 61

National Forensic Laboratory Services

Enhance the ability of the RCMP to trace crime guns and detect bulk/straw purchasing

$6,957,156

$1,397,958

$861,591

More serial number restorations and Canadian Integrated Ballistics Identification Network comparisons are completed within 90 days

Percentage (%) of serial number restorations and Canadian Integrated Ballistics Identification Network comparisons that are completed within service standard timelines (90 days)

80% (Historical baseline not relevant as previous service standard was 220 days)

FY 2023-24

N/AFootnote 62

Canadian Firearms Program

Enhance capacity of the RCMP to detect, disrupt, and deter firearms smuggling at the border and inland

$1,451,501

$338,905

$336,682

Support provided to counter-smuggling partner organizations

Number (#) of firearm inspections, responses to requests for technical advice pertaining to new and emerging technologies including 3D printing, and Firearms Reference Table records completed annually in accordance with established service standard timelines

Complete 280-300 firearm inspections of firearms and related devices annually

Service approximately 10,340 requests per year, an increase of over 1,800 from a baseline of 8,517 in 2019.

Create or modify 5,000 to 8,000 Firearms Reference Table records annually

FY 2024-25

N/AFootnote 63

Federal Policing

Enhance capacity of the RCMP to detect, disrupt, and deter firearms smuggling at the border and inland

$2,120,337

$543,184

$233,654

Enhanced operational responses through intervention, interdiction, enforcement, and increased operational collaboration

Number (#) of intelligence products developed by Firearms Intelligence Analysts that identified or contributed to identifying possible criminal entities related to firearms, including smuggling.

192Footnote 64

FY 2027-28Footnote 65

45Footnote 66

Number (#) of occurrences (e.g. investigations or intelligence probes) worked on by Firearms Intelligence Analysts that contributed to identifying possible criminal entities related to firearms smuggling.

192Footnote 67

FY 2027-28Footnote 68

69Footnote 69

Criminal Intelligence Services Canada

Enhance capacity of the RCMP to detect, disrupt, and deter firearms smuggling at the border and inland

$1,867,894

$436,880

$352,970

Increase in the number of CISC assessed organized crime groups involved in firearms smuggling and trafficking

The proportion of organized crime groups involved in firearms smuggling and trafficking that are assessed based on CISC's Integrated Threat Assessment Process.

75% (Baseline: 16%)

March 31, 2025

N/AFootnote 70

$33,443,136

$8,254,146

$6,603,475

Enhance the ability of CISC members to target and coordinate enforcement operations related to Serious and Organized Crime, including firearms-related crime

Number (#) of Canadian Criminal Intelligence System document uploads

Number (#) of Canadian Criminal Intelligence System (CCIS) queries and number (#) of Canadian Criminal Intelligence System users

Target will be established once Canadian Criminal Intelligence System is implemented

Baselines (2020):
31,455 Automated Criminal Intelligence Information System Document Uploads;
2,074,139 Automated Criminal Intelligence Information System Queries;
2,158 Automated Criminal Intelligence Information System Users
Backlogs eliminated in all three areas

Date to achieve target will be established once Canadian Criminal Intelligence System is implemented

N/AFootnote 71

Canada Border Services Agency

Criminal Investigations Intelligence Collection & Analysis

Enhanced Intelligence and Investigative Capacity

$14,171,385

$3,463,011

$4,214,719

Firearm smuggling is reduced in Canada

% increase in the number of firearms seizures attributed to deliberate smuggling

10%

March 31. 2023

85%Footnote 72

Percent (%) increase in the number of firearms seizures in postal and courier modes

5%

March 31, 2023

92%Footnote 73

# of seizures of firearms, parts, and ammunition with a suspected link to organized crime

5

March 31, 2025

N/AFootnote 74

The CBSA detects, disrupts and deters the smuggling of firearms

Number (#) of complex or high-risk firearms smuggling intelligence referrals to Criminal Investigations or law enforcement partners.

5

March 31, 2025

N/AFootnote 75

Percent (%) increase in the number of CBSA firearms analytical intelligence products

10%

March 31, 2022

- 5%Footnote 76

Number (#) of complex firearms smuggling investigations opened by the CBSA Criminal Investigations

20Footnote 77

March 31, 2023

67

The CBSA has the capacity to detect, disrupt and deter the smuggling of firearms

Personnel identified, hired and trained. Terms of reference and outreach completed

8 Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs)

March 31, 2022

Hiring and onboarding process was completed in FY 2021-22

Personnel identified, hired and trained

14 Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs)

March 31, 2022

Hiring and onboarding process was completed in FY 2021-22

Management & Oversight

Legislative, regulatory and policy development

$7,176,014

$353,156

$1,301,189

Senior management and officials understand the impact of federal firearms legislative, regulatory and policy developments on the CBSA's operations

Number (#) of firearms-related briefing products provided to CBSA senior management and officials

10Footnote 78

TBD

14

The CBSA's legislative and regulatory authorities allow it to support broader government direction and intent concerning the cross-border movement of firearms

Number (#) of new and amended laws enacted and regulations established

2Footnote 79

TBD

0Footnote 80

Field Technology Support

Threat Detection at Borders

$7,289,850

$514,272

$327,317

Deploy handheld x-rays to increase operational capacity to efficiently examine goods and conveyances

20 handheld x-ray units will be deployed and officers trained at selected ports of entry

20 unitsNote de bas de page 80b

March 31, 2023

All units were deployed and training was completed. Currently there are no requirements identified for additional units. CBSA will continue to provide Maintenance and Service for the deployed units.

Comm. Trade Facilitation & Compliance

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Identification and AI Threat Detection in Parcels

$1,565,415

$0

$0

Developed AI solution ensures successful detection of gun and gun parts with significant reliability of minimizing false positives and negatives.

Percent (%) of times the developed model is able to accurately recognize the presence or absence of items of interest in an image.

70%Footnote 81

March 31, 2023

95%

Internal Services

N/A

$5,541,196

$1,184,307

$1,184,307

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Theme 3 Details - Enhance firearms policy advice and promote awareness of firearm programs

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023-24 Actual results

Enhance firearms policy advice and promote awareness of firearm programs

$13,798,436

$1,733,602

$1,663,013

Canadian communities are safe from firearm –related crime

Number (#) of new and amended laws developed and regulations established

3 per year baseline (2020-21)

Annually

3

Number (#) of Canadians who indicate they have or will take action due to viewing/hearing the awareness campaign ads

Meet or surpass 10% of polled respondents indicating that they took action as a result of the ads

March 31, 2024

NAFootnote 82

Internal Services

$28,156,624

$4,728,668

$4,728,668

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Total

$41,955,060

$6,462,270

$6,391,681

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Theme 3 Activities - Enhance firearms policy advice and promote awareness of firearm programs

Departments

Link to department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding,  allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since last renewalFootnote * (dollars)

2023–24 planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars)

2023-24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023-24 Actual results

Public Safety Canada

Law Enforcement and Policing

Public Awareness Campaign

$4,388,244

$347,061

$312,900

Canadian general population are aware of GC initiatives to reduce gun violence and new laws and regulations related to firearms in Canada.

Number (#) of Canadians who can recall seeing a firearms-related ad

Meet or surpass GC benchmarks for campaign specific unaided recall (33%) and aided recall (30%).

March 31, 2024

N/AFootnote 83

Number (#) of impressions (the total number of campaign content that was displayed or broadcast) across all advertising platforms

Achieve or surpass 2 million impressions across all advertising platforms annually

March 31, 2024

N/AFootnote 84

Number (#) of times Canadians clicked through ads to the Canada.ca/firearms website

Achieve or surpass GC benchmark for click through rate by 1% for digital advertising during campaign

March 31, 2024

N/AFootnote 85

Number (#) of visits to the Canada.ca/firearms website

Achieve or surpass 75,000 visits per year

March 31, 2024

50,414Footnote 86

Number (#) of products downloaded or ordered for use by partners

Achieve or surpass 100 units distributed to or downloaded by partners

March 31, 2024

N/AFootnote 87

The Canadian general population take action to address factors contributing to firearms violence in Canada.

Number (#) of Canadians who indicate they have or will take action due to viewing/hearing the awareness campaign ads

Meet or surpass 10% of polled respondents indicating that they took action as a result of the ads

March 31, 2024

N/AFootnote 88

Number (#) of partners engaged through official MOUs and/or alternate partnership agreements

Achieve or surpass at least one partnership in each of the following categories:

  1. Retail; and
  2. Non-profit government organization

March 31, 2024

N/AFootnote 89

Number (#) of times Canadians engage or share campaign content on social media

Achieve or surpass 500 engagements on shares on social media (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, etc.)

March 31, 2024

N/AFootnote 90

The Canadian general population are compliant with laws and regulations related to firearms in Canada.

Number (#) of adults charged with unsafe storage of a firearm

5% decrease from baseline (2019: 394)

March 31, 2026

5.3% decreaseFootnote 91

Legislative and Regulatory Work

$6,571,066

$1,136,541

$1,100,113

Stakeholders and partners participate in policy development and law enforcement and policing initiatives

Percent (%) of attendance at formal meetings involving stakeholders and partners that take place regularly

80%

Annually

100%

Senior management and officials understand the issues and trends on firearms-related crime, and the policy and regulatory options to address issues.

Number (#) of policy and decision making documents developed

10Footnote 92

Annually

15

Number (#) of policy documents that reference research evidence

40Footnote 93

Annually

46

Legislation is developed establishing regulations to promote lawful access, use and ownership of firearms.

Number (#) of new and amended laws developed and regulations established

3 per year

Annually

3

Law Enforcement and Policing

Research

$1,250,000

$250,000

$250,000

Statistics Canada have the capacity to conduct metrics-related activities and produce reports on firearms-related crime.

Percent (%) budget utilization (StatsCan)

100%

FY 2024-25

N/AFootnote 94

Statistics Canada conduct metrics-related activities and produce reports on firearms-related crime.

Number (#) of new datasets created

9

FY 2024-25

0Footnote 95

Number (#) of knowledge products produced on firearms-related crime

82

FY 2024-25

32Footnote 96

Canadians have access to timely and accurate information on firearms-related crime.

Number (#) of downloads of Statistics Canada Data Tables on firearms-related crime

4,727

FY 2024-25

4,606Footnote 97

Number (#) of downloads of Statistics Canada Publications on firearms-related crime

4,133

FY 2024-25

7,061

Number (#) of page views of Statistics Canada Data Tables on firearms-related crime

168,906

FY 2024-25

83,437Footnote 98

Number (#) of page views of Statistics Canada Publications on firearms-related crime

187,186

FY 2024-25

216,655

Internal Services

N/A

$8,520,544

$1,357,534

$1,357,534

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Canadian Firearms Program

Legislative and Regulatory Work

$723,292

$0

$0

RCMP support to the PS-led development of policy instruments to seek funding for the firearms buyback program

PS-led Memorandum to Cabinet is considered by Cabinet Ministers

100%

TBD

100%Footnote 99

Strategic Policy & Integration

Legislative and Regulatory Work

$168,789

$0

$0

RCMP support to the PS-led development of policy instruments to seek funding for the firearms buyback program

PS-led Memorandum to Cabinet is considered by Cabinet Ministers

100%

TBD

100%Footnote 100

IM/IT Sector

Legislative and Regulatory Work

$697,045

$0

$0

RCMP support to the PS-led development of policy instruments to seek funding for the firearms buyback program

PS-led Treasury Board Submission is considered by Treasury Board Ministers

100%

TBD

100%Footnote 101

Internal Services

N/A

$19,636,080

$3,371,134

$3,371,134

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Total spending, all themes

Theme

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Total federal planned spending

2023–24 Total federal actual spending

Theme 1:
Strengthen services to support the lawful acquisition, ownership and use of firearms

$76,148,388

$17,421,100

$13,610,612

Theme 2:
Combat illegal firearm-related activities

$82,778,652

$16,908,546

$15,379,330

Theme 3:
Enhance firearms policy advice and promote awareness of firearm programs

$13,798,436

$1,733,602

$1,663,013

Subtotal

$172,725,476

$36,063,24

$30,652,955

Internal Services

$33,697,820

$5,912,975

$5,912,975

Total, all themes

$206,423,296

$41,976,223

$36,565,930

Initiative to Take Action Against Gun and Gang Violence

General information

Name of horizontal initiative

Initiative to Take Action Against Gun and Gang Violence (ITAAGGV)

Lead department

Public Safety Canada

Federal partner departments

Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA);
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

Note: Other government departments (e.g. the Department of Justice) are supporting this federal initiative. However, they are not captured in this Horizontal Initiative table as they have not received funding through this initiative.

Start date of the horizontal initiative

September 28, 2018

End date of the horizontal initiative

March 31, 2028Footnote 102

Description of the horizontal initiative

These activities deliver on a Budget 2016 Government commitment to take action against gun and gang violence by removing handguns and assault-style firearms from our streets, and for the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness to work with provincial, territorial and municipal counterparts to develop a strategy on how the federal government can best support communities and law enforcement in their ongoing efforts to make it harder for criminals to obtain and use firearms, and to reduce gun and gang violence.

The ITAAGGV helps to support a variety of strategies to reduce gun crime and criminal gang activities, and is centered around three themes:

RCMP: Is expanding and enhancing existing services by:

CBSA: Is investing in new technologies and specialized training to better interdict illicit trafficking across the border by:

Public Safety Canada is providing funding to provinces and territories (PTs) through the Gun and Gang Violence Action Fund (GGVAF) to combat the issue of gun and gang violence in communities across Canada. PTs are responsible for further distributing funding to eligible recipients in their jurisdictions, in order to advance efforts in the priority areas of prevention; intervention; gang exit; outreach and awareness programming; strategy development; training; and enhancing intelligence sharing and law enforcement capacity to combat gun and gang violence. Additionally, Public Safety Canada will enhance federal leadership by developing an integrated, results-based approach to reducing gun and gang violence across Canada, including by developing expertise on guns and gangs including linkages to other illicit markets; creating a national strategy; as well as improving the collection of national data related to gun and criminal activity in a coordinated approach with partners and the sharing of information and best practices to avoid duplication of efforts.

Governance structures

Public Safety Canada has established and chaired an Assistant Deputy Minister (ADM) level committee with participation from CBSA and RCMP as the Oversight Committee for the Initiative in 2022-23. Its role is to review the status of the various initiatives and progress made in meeting results targets; direct adjustments if necessary; and provide overall direction to the implementation of the horizontal initiative.

In 2023-24, the committee aimed to meet annually, corresponding with the planning and reporting cycle. As a result of a reorganization within the firearms file, the committee has done work to reorganize the PS executive level participation.

A working group comprising PS, RCMP and CBSA have been working together in the development of the ITAAGGV, including the results measurement strategy. Going forward, partners will ensure that the membership of this group reflects the necessary areas within each organization to speak to programming and results and financial planning and reporting. This group will meet to ensure that systems are in place to support effective horizontal planning and reporting and will support the ADM level Oversight Committee, ensuring that any issues that may affect the performance of the initiative are flagged to ADMs as they arise.

Total federal funding allocated (from start to end date) (dollars)

CBSA: $92,856,175 (FY 2018 to 2024) (CBSA funding ends in FY 2024-25)
RCMP: $70,451,787 ($32,084,882 (FY 2018-19 – FY 2022-23) + $38,366,905 (FY 2023-24 – FY 2027-28)
PS: $643,440,835 (FY 2022-23 – FY 2027-28)

Total federal planned spending to date (dollars)

CBSA: $48,851,831 (as of March 31, 2023)
RCMP: $39,758,264 (FY 2018-19 – FY 2023-24)
PS: $ 315,197,073 (FY 2018-19 – FY 2023-24)

Total federal actual spending to date (dollars) 

CBSA: $37,151,659 (as of March 31, 2023)
RCMP: $24,448,471 (FY 2018-19 – FY 2022-23) + $8,728,585 (FY 2023-24)
PS: $226,460,139 (as of March 31, 2023) + $83,032,660 (FY 2023-24)

Date of last renewal of the horizontal initiative

2023-24

Total federal funding allocated at the last renewal, and source of funding (dollars)

CBSA: N/A
RCMP: $38,366,905 (FY 2023-24 – FY 2027-28)
PS : $412,243,762 (FY 2023-24 – FY 2027-28)

Additional federal funding received after the last renewal (dollars)

N/A

Total planned spending since the last renewal

CBSA: N/A
RCMP: $38,366,905 (FY 2023-24 – FY 2027-28)
PS : $412,243,762 (FY 2023-24 – FY 2027-28)

Total actual spending since the last renewal

CBSA: N/A
RCMP: $8,728,585
PS: $83,032,660

Fiscal year of planned completion of next evaluation

A Horizontal Evaluation of the Initiative to Take Action Against Gun and Gang Violence (ITAAGGV) was completed in March 2023.

Performance highlights

From 2018 to 2023, the government allocated funding of $356.1 million over five years to establish the ITAAGGV, focusing on Investing in Communities (Theme A), Enhancing Federal Enforcement Capacity (Theme B), and Enhancing Federal Leadership (Theme C). The Initiative was renewed in February 2023, for funding from 2023 to 2028, with funding to Public Safety Canada of $9.5 million for Operations and Management and activities under Enhancing Federal Leadership, in addition to funding of $390.6 million for the Gun and Gang Violence Action Fund (GGVAF) and an added $10 million for the Youth Gang Prevention Fund (YGPF). The RCMP also received $8.2 million annually in ongoing funding. Funding of $7.7 million for the CBSA is ongoing from 2018.

As of March 2024, all13 provinces and territories have signed multi-year funding agreements under the GGVAF funding round. Due to capacity issues, the Northwest Territories signed a non-funded amendment for 2023-24. Recipients used funds to:

Funding was allocated to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Canada Border Services Agency to enhance firearms investigations and strengthen controls at the border to prevent illegal firearms from entering the country. Public Safety Canada engaged in leadership-based activities such as knowledge development, data collection, development of the National Strategy to Reduce Gun and Gang Violence, the annual Stakeholder Survey, and policy activities related to the overall gun and gang file (including the Building Safer Communities Fund), as well as operational costs.

ITAAGGV investments were complemented by the $250 million Building Safer Communities Fund (BSCF), first announced in March 2022. This provided funding directly to municipalities and Indigenous communities to bolster gang-prevention programing to counter the social conditions that lead to criminality. which may support local initiatives to prevent gun and gang violence and help young people make good choices. Using a targeted funding based on an evidence-based formula, PS was able to enter into contribution agreements with 84 municipalities and Indigenous communities across the country to bolster gang-prevention programing and community capacity.

In collaboration with provinces and territories, Public Safety Canada (PS) established a Federal-Provincial-Territorial (FPT) Tiger Team to advance the collaborative development of the National Strategy; drafted a concept paper to support exchanges and upcoming engagements; and began launching external stakeholders consultations (i.e. municipalities, Indigenous communities, academia, non-governmental organizations, and law enforcement) to inform said strategy.

PS distributed the annual ITAAGGV Stakeholder Survey in summer/fall 2023 to stakeholders in the gun and gang violence environment, including provinces/territories, portfolio partners, municipalities, Indigenous communities, non-governmental organizations and academia.

The Department also increased its capacity to assemble and report on the ITAAGGV results, including outputs, outcomes and increased data capacity and knowledge development. PS engaged in an exercise of updating and standardizing Annual Performance Reporting across PS programs in the crime prevention space. This is supported by both financial reporting and non-financial reporting on the Gun and Gang Violence Action Fund via the PS regional offices.

Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)

CBSA invested in new technologies and specialized training to better interdict illicit trafficking across the border by: procuring detection technology for international postal processing facilities and major International airport facilities to streamline the inspection of mail and air cargo; constructed facilities and invest in training to increase CBSA's detector dog team capacity to identify drugs and firearms at ports of entry through less invasive means; explored options to invest in its technology capability to effectively leverage Interpol information to interdict high risk travellers at the earliest point in the continuum; developed and deployed national training to enhance CBSA effectiveness to identify, detect, and interdict illicit gun trafficking.

The initiative is broken down into 6 sub-initiatives. The 2023-24 performance highlights are as follows:

  1. Intercept Illicit Guns in Postal Stream (Postal)– Dual View X-Rays and Software/Network
    The CBSA has successfully implemented six Dual View X-ray machines under the Postal Networking sub initiative to screen increased volumes of mail items at postal facilities.
  2. Detecting Firearms – Detector Dogs (DDS)
    The Detector Dogs sub-initiative is complete, with all new firearms DDS teams in place and being monitored.
  3. Construction and Maintenance of an All-Weather Training Facility (AWF)
    The All Weather Facility sub-initiative became fully operational in May 2023.
  4. Transnational Organized Crime Threat Identification – Interpol Interface
    As previously reported, this initiative has been discontinued following a decision by Treasury Board to not support the feasibility study proposed by the CBSA.
  5. Advanced Vehicles Concealment Techniques Course (AVC)
    The Advanced Vehicle Concealment course, now referred to as the Advanced Automobile Examination (AAE) course is fully implemented and the CBSA has since trained all
    identified officers.
  6. Air Cargo Security
    Under the Initiative to Take Action Against Gun and Gang Violence (ITAAGGV), the CBSA committed to deploying five Pallet Large Scale Imaging (P-LSI) units at five international airports by the end of its final fiscal year (2024-25). Due to security concerns surrounding the previously-contracted vendor, the deployment of the P-LSIs has been delayed beyond the end of the initiative. The CBSA is in the final stages of awarding a new P-LSI contract with a new vendor to develop a first-of-its-kind P-LSI technology. Vendor constraints have delayed the first prototypes from late FY 2024-25 to Q1 of FY 2025-26. A request to re-profile funding to 2026-27 and 2027-28 has been made based on production capacity. Additionally, the re-profile has decreased the number of units to be deployed from 5 to 3 units, and is moving one unit from air mode to highway mode (1 unit) based on risk trends relating to firearms. The funding will be returned for the remaining 2 units.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

During the 2023-24 fiscal year, the RCMP Canadian Firearms Program's (RCMP-CFP) National Weapons Enforcement Support Team (NWEST) trained 8,787 individuals in 314 individual training sessions delivered to law enforcement across the country on topics related to providing technical support to firearms-related investigations. In addition, NWEST responded to over 10,100 calls for service, which represents a nearly 150% increase when compared to FY 2019-20. During the past fiscal year, NWEST continued to build on international cooperation with foreign partners like the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), US Dept of Homeland Security (DHS), UK National Crime Agency, Europol EMPACT and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to share best practices, intelligence and combat the threat of privately manufactured firearms.

The RCMP-CFP's Firearms Operations and Enforcement Support (FOES) program responded to 86 calls for service in support of front-line and specialized law enforcement firearms-related investigations. Additionally, the FOES program initiated 3 intelligence probes and delivered 41 intelligence reports in support of firearms investigations, criminal justice proceedings, and regulatory licensing review and investigations. In addition, the FOES team has embedded one full-time analyst in the BC Crime Gun Investigation and Intelligence Group (BC-CGIG), a multi-jurisdictional provincial team dedicated to identifying high-level targets involved in the smuggling, trafficking, and/or illicit manufacturing of firearms.

The RCMP-CFP's Firearms Internet Investigation Support Unit (FIISU) contributed to a significant number of trafficking, manufacturing, 3D printing, smuggling and straw purchase investigation requests from law enforcement across Canada, while collaborating with both RCMP and external partners, such as CBSA. The FIISU increased its number of open source assistance files by completing a total of 285 such requests and providing detailed reports on each to the requesting partner.

The RCMP-CFP's Specialized Firearms Support Section (SFSS) continued its work to advance the understanding of the criminal use of firearms and raise awareness among law enforcement agencies by hosting workshops on 3D Printing and Illicit Manufacturing to 115 members from NWEST, CBSA, Ontario Provincial Police (OPP), National Forensic Laboratory Services (NFLS), and the Centre of Forensic Sciences (CFS). In addition, SFSS presented the “Introduction to 3D Printing” briefing to 770 members from law enforcement agencies. SFSS also delivered nine information sessions to 181 students attending the “Firearms Familiarization”, “Firearms Analyst” or “Privately Manufactured Firearms Parts and Tooling” courses. Over 800 law enforcement members took these training offerings through either the RCMP E-learning centre or the Canadian Police Knowledge Network (CPKN). As part of maintaining the Firearms Reference Table (FRT), SFSS added or updated 4,011 records, which represented new firearms entering the marketplace or updates of technical information to existing records. Additionally, SFSS responded to approximately 1,471 emails assisting law enforcement with firearm identification, classification and technical advice. SFSS completed 100 law enforcement inspections of firearms and related devices to identify and determine their classification, or to provide other information in support of investigations.

In 2023-24, the CFP's Criminal Firearms Strategic & Operational Support Services section (CFSOSS) continued to pursue initiatives that bolster firearms license eligibility screening of high-risk individuals in partnership with provincial Chief Firearms Officers. CFSOSS also continued to leverage available data for the development of strategic analysis products, including its annual Firearms Analysis & Strategic Summary (FASS) report to provide an overview of the current national firearms landscape. This work supported partners through the provision of available datasets, and included contributions to the Cross-Border Firearms Task Force (CBFTF) with CBSA and ATF partners. CFSOSS collaborated with the Canadian National Firearms Tracing Centre (CNFTC) to implement reporting and analysis tools that will contribute to identifying the source of crime guns in Canada. CFSOSS has continued in its role within the RCMP to coordinate and enable ITAAGGV activities amongst internal and external horizontal initiative stakeholders.

Federal Policing National Intelligence established a new relationship with the United States Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) Exodus Command Centre South, travelling down to the new Huntsville, Alabama centre to explore and commit to joint work aimed at preventing illicit weapons proliferation and trafficking. The outcome of this work was the establishment of a new HSI-RCMP intelligence sharing working group on firearms that is meeting quarterly to discuss joint intelligence and operational opportunities.

Contact information

Frédéric Chartrand,
Director, Policy and Program Development Initiatives Unit,
Public Safety Canada,
frederic.chartrand@ps-sp.gc.ca

Shared outcomes

Name of theme

Investing in CommunitiesFootnote 103

Enhancing Federal Enforcement CapacityFootnote 104

Enhancing Federal LeadershipFootnote 105

Internal Services

Theme outcome(s)

Informed initiatives to prevent and respond to gun and gang violence are implemented across Canada

Enhanced operational responses through intervention, interdiction and enforcement

Stakeholder decision-making is supported by solid data and information on best practices

N/A

Public Safety Canada

$80,833,687

N/A

$1,449,157

$749,816

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

N/A

$7,794,486

N/A

$934,099

Canada Border Services Agency

N/A

$5,308,752

N/A

$831,905

Performance information

Horizontal Initiative Overview

Name of theme

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023-24 Planned spending

2023-24 Actual spending

Horizontal initiative shared outcome(s)

2023-24 Performance indicator(s)

2023-24 Target(s)

Date to achieve target

2023-24 Actual results

Initiative to Take Action Against Gun and Gang Violence (ITAAGGV)

$525,898,345

$99,738,143

$95,386,082

Gun and gang violence is reduced

Number of firearm-related homicides

< 297 ( Reduction from 2021) levels)Footnote 106

March 31, 2024, then annuallyFootnote 107

N/AIFootnote 108

Number of gang-related homicides

<184 (Reduction from 2021 levels)Footnote 109

March 31, 2024, then annuallyFootnote 110

173

Theme horizontal initiative activities

Theme 1 Details - Investing in CommunitiesFootnote 111

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023-24 Actual results

Investing in CommunitiesFootnote 112

$403,167,148

$80,974,462

$80,833,687

Informed initiatives to respond to gun and gang violence are implemented across Canada

Degree to which PTs stakeholders report that Gun and Gang Violence Action Fund funding has enabled them to better respond to gun and gang violence in their jurisdictions (in %)

100%

Annually Footnote 113

90% (n=10/13)

Percentage of recipients and project partners who have integrated knowledge from funded initiatives into their practice or decision-making

50% at project completion

March 31, 2028Footnote 114

90% (n=10/13)

Theme 1 Activities - Investing in CommunitiesFootnote 115

Name of theme

Link to department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding,  allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since last renewalFootnote * (dollars)

2023–24 planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars)

2023-24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023-24 horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023-24 Actual results

Public Safety Canada

Crime Prevention

Administer Grants and Contributions under the Youth Gang Prevention Fund and the Gun and Gang Violence Fund

$403,167,148

$80,974,462

$80,833,687

Communities have capacity to respond to gun and gang violence

New resources dedicated to guns and gangs within law enforcement Footnote 116

At least 163 resources (FY 2021 to 2022)Footnote 117

March 31, 2024, then annuallyFootnote 118

85 (n=10/13)Footnote 119

Additional initiatives (e.g., law enforcement, prevention, intervention, action research) dedicated to responding to gun and gang violence are implementedFootnote 120

At least 212Footnote 121

March 31, 2024, then annuallyFootnote 122

140 (n=10/13)Footnote 123

Theme 2 Details – Enhancing Federal Capacity Footnote 124

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023–24 Actual results

Enhancing Federal CapacityFootnote 125

$115,384,779

$16,314,875

$13,103,238

Enhanced operational responses through intervention, interdiction and enforcement

Number of firearms or firearms parts seizedFootnote 126

Create benchmark in FY 2023-2024 based on a random sampling; and continue to maintain or exceedFootnote 127.

March 31, 2028Footnote 128

1605

Number of intelligence products developed by Firearms Intelligence Analysts that identified or contributed to identifying possible criminal entities related to firearms, including smugglingFootnote 129

288Footnote 130

March 31, 2028

76Footnote 131

Theme 2 Horizontal Initiative Activities - Enhancing Federal CapacityFootnote 132

Departments

Link to the department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023–24 Actual results

Canada Border Services Agency

Commercial-Trade Facilitation & Compliance

Intercept illicit guns in postal stream – Dual View X-Rays and Software / Network

$4,395,265

$779,944

$593,020

Enhance ability to screen significantly increased volumes of mails items at all postal facilities

Percentage of packages being screened by the detection technology to be assessed whether they were high risk items, requiring an in depth examination

33% mail items are being assessed for risk using detection technology

March 31, 2021Footnote 133

51%Footnote 134

Field Technology Support

Intercept illicit guns in postal stream – Dual View X-Rays and Software / Network

$1,177,080

$234,956

$69,249

Enhance ability to screen significantly increased volumes of mails items at all postal facilities

Percentage of packages being screened by the detection technology to be assessed whether they were high risk items, requiring an in depth examination

33% mail items are being assessed for risk using detection technology

March 31, 2021Footnote 135

51%Footnote 136

Force Generation

Intercept illicit guns in postal stream – Dual View X-Rays and Software / Network

$1,126,728

$34,139

$55,582

Enhance ability to screen significantly increased volumes of mails items at all postal facilities

Percentage of packages being screened by the detection technology to be assessed whether they were high risk items, requiring an in depth examination

33% mail items are being assessed for risk using detection technology

March 31, 2021Footnote 137

51%Footnote 138

Intelligence Collection & Analysis

Intercept illicit guns in postal stream – Dual View X-Rays and Software / Network

$2,370,709

$194,333

$102,398

Enhance ability to screen significantly increased volumes of mails items at all postal facilities

Percentage of international postal shipments screened using Fixed Postal Small Scale Imaging (SSI) technology which resulted in a referral/examination leading to a seizureFootnote 139

5% increase with potential steady state in target to be adjusted accordingly

March 31, 2022Footnote 140

426% Increase over previous yearFootnote 141

Buildings and Equipment

Intercept illicit guns in postal stream – Dual View X-Rays and Software / Network

$349,331

$64,763

$64,763

Enhance ability to screen significantly increased volumes of mails items at all postal facilities

Percentage of international postal shipments screened using Fixed Postal Small Scale Imaging (SSI) technology which resulted in a referral/examination leading to a seizure Footnote 142

5% increase with potential steady state in target to be adjusted accordingly

March 31, 2022 Footnote 143

426% Increase over previous year Footnote 144

Commercial-Trade Facilitation & Compliance

Detecting Firearms – Detector Dogs

$3,067,662

$664,123

$666,921

Increased capacity to detect and interdict entry of illicit firearms into the country

Percentage of examinations utilizing Detector Dogs that resulted in a seizure of illicit firearmsFootnote 145

Increase examinations by 155 in Year 2 and continue to maintain or exceed (using baseline information from CBSA data for 2017-18)Footnote 146

March 31, 2020Footnote 147

Decrease of 509 from baselineFootnote 148

Force Generation

Detecting Firearms – Detector Dogs

$1,380,249

$62,929

$115,526

Increased capacity to detect and interdict entry of illicit firearms into the country

Percentage of examinations utilizing Detector Dogs that resulted in a seizure of illicit firearmsFootnote 149

Increase examinations by 155 in Year 2 and continue to maintain or exceed (using baseline information from CBSA data for 2017-18)Footnote 150

March 31, 2020Footnote 151

Decrease of 509 from baselineFootnote 152

Buildings and Equipment

Detecting Firearms – Detector Dogs

$275,059

$113,016

$54,831

Increased capacity to detect and interdict entry of illicit firearms into the country

Percentage of examinations utilizing Detector Dogs that resulted in a seizure of illicit firearmsFootnote 153

Increase examinations by 155 in Year 2 and continue to maintain or exceed (using baseline information from CBSA data for 2017-18)Footnote 154

March 31, 2020Footnote 155

Decrease of 509 from baselineFootnote 156

Buildings and EquipmentFootnote 157

Construction and maintenance of an All-Weather Facility Detector Dogs Training Facility

$11,904,469

$617,140

$271,852

Increase CBSA capacity to accommodate detector dog training and kenneling needs, year round, while at the training facility resulting in a reduction in costs

Value of costs avoided for kenneling and accommodations at a separate facility by the Detector Dog Program

The construction of an All-Weather Facility will avoid the total cost of $350K per year for the CBSAFootnote 158

March 31, 2023Footnote 159

N/AFootnote 160

Targeting

Transnational Organized Crime Threat Identification – INTERPOL Interface

$5,596,821

$2,337,731

$83,164

Enhance the CBSA's thread identification capability in the public safety and national security threat sectors

Develop a pilot in conjunction with the RCMP that will test the efficacy of automating Interpol query for all inbound air travelers a screening and to bolster CBSA's inbound air traveler risk assessment activities as they relate to the identification of members of transnational organized crime membersFootnote 161

N/AFootnote 162

March 31, 2025Footnote 163

N/AFootnote 164

Force Generation

Transnational Organized Crime Threat Identification – INTERPOL Interface

$471,750

$107,485

$107,485

Enhance the CBSA's thread identification capability in the public safety and national security threat sectors

Develop a pilot in conjunction with the RCMP that will test the efficacy of automating Interpol query for all inbound air travelers a screening and to bolster CBSA's inbound air traveler risk assessment activities as they relate to the identification of members of transnational organized crime membersFootnote 165

N/AFootnote 166

March 31, 2025Footnote 167

N/AFootnote 168

Buildings and Equipment

Transnational Organized Crime Threat Identification – INTERPOL Interface

$26,144

$29,777

$341

Enhance the CBSA's thread identification capability in the public safety and national security threat sectors

Develop a pilot in conjunction with the RCMP that will test the efficacy of automating Interpol query for all inbound air travelers a screening and to bolster CBSA's inbound air traveler risk assessment activities as they relate to the identification of members of transnational organized crime membersFootnote 169

N/AFootnote 170

March 31, 2025Footnote 171

N/AFootnote 172

Force Generation

Advanced Vehicles Concealment Techniques Course

$529,363

$79,622

$388,885

Ability to identify, detect and interdict crime guns, weapons, narcotics and illicit proceeds of crime

Number of CBSA officers identified for training who have successfully completed trainingFootnote 173

Post development: 2% of identified officers to be trained per year 18 instructors in Year 1 Footnote 174

March 31, 2023

233% of identified officers have completed the trainingFootnote 175

Commercial-Trade Facilitation & Compliance

Enhance Air cargo security
Pallet imaging, handheld devices, COMETs and trace detection tools

$40,652,887

$1,469,541

$1,607,819

Enable the CBSA to increase capacity to examine in the air mode

Percentage of high volume and high risk airports with detection technology installed

Year 1 – Post implementation: 20% of identified airports will be equipped with detection technologyFootnote 176

March 31, 2025Footnote 177

100%

Force Generation

Enhance Air cargo security
Pallet imaging, handheld devices, COMETs and trace detection tools

$2,134,907

$217,506

$422,154

Enable the CBSA to increase capacity to examine in the air mode

Percentage of high volume and high risk airports with detection technology installed

Year 1 – Post implementation: 20% of identified airports will be equipped with detection technologyFootnote 178

March 31, 2025Footnote 179

100%

Field Technology Support

Enhance Air cargo security
Pallet imaging, handheld devices, COMETs and trace detection tools

$11,601,930

$2,407,162

$551,657

Enable the CBSA to increase capacity to examine in the air mode

Percentage of high volume and high risk airports with detection technology installed

Year 1 – Post implementation: 20% of identified airports will be equipped with detection technologyFootnote 180

March 31, 2025Footnote 181

100%

Targeting

Enhance Air cargo security
Pallet imaging, handheld devices, COMETs and trace detection tools

$345,044

$0

$0

Enable the CBSA to increase capacity to examine in the air mode

Percentage of high volume and high risk airports with detection technology installed

Year 1 – Post implementation: 20% of identified airports will be equipped with detection technologyFootnote 182

March 31, 2025Footnote 183

100%

Buildings and Equipment

Enhance Air cargo security
Pallet imaging, handheld devices, COMETs and trace detection tools

$534,735

$98,497

$153,105

Enable the CBSA to increase capacity to examine in the air mod

Percentage of high volume and high risk airports with detection technology installed

Year 1 – Post implementation: 20% of identified airports will be equipped with detection technologyFootnote 184

March 31, 2025Footnote 185

100%

Internal Services

N/A

$4,796,042

$831,905

$831,905

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Federal PolicingNational IntelligenceFootnote 186

Produce intelligence products

$3,923,819

$839,632

$354,755

Increased operational collaboration

Number of occurrences (e.g., investigations or intelligence probes) worked on by Firearms Intelligence Analysts that contributed to identifying possible criminal entities related to firearms smugglingFootnote 187

288Footnote 188

March 31, 2028Footnote 189

59Footnote 190

Criminal Intelligence Service Canada

Produce intelligence products

$1,240,885

$247,057

$299,661

Increased operational collaboration

Number of intelligence reports produced by CISC that address guns and gangsFootnote 191

TBDFootnote 192

March 31, 2028Footnote 193

20Footnote 194

Canadian Firearms Investigative and Enforcement Services

Promote stakeholder engagement, collaboration and outreach

$4,119,786

$913,369

$660,974

Increased operational collaboration

Number of open source intelligence reports created by the Canadian Firearms Program (CFP) and shared with partners

225

March 31, 2028Footnote 195

N/AFootnote 196

Increased operational collaboration

Number of Firearm investigations that were initiated by intelligence products developed by the CFP

50Footnote 197

March 31, 2028Footnote 198

N/AFootnote 199

Build capacity to prevent and intercept illegal firearms in Canada

$15,801,956

$4,334,104

$6,167,056

Enhanced capability to respond to gun and gang violence

The number of individuals that have received training from National Weapons Enforcement Support Teams (NWEST)

4500Footnote 200 

March 31, 2028Footnote 201

N/AFootnote 202

Canadian Law Enforcement Services - National Forensic Laboratory Services

Provide tools, equipment and training to prevent entry of illegal commodities

$2,238,200

$405,120

$312,040

Enhanced capability to respond to gun and gang violence

Percentage of cartridge cases and bullets from Gun and Gang files uploaded to the Canadian Integrated Ballistics Identification Network (CIBIN) within 90 days

75%Footnote 203

March 31, 2028Footnote 204

80%

Internal Services

N/A

$4,760,235

$934,099

$934,099

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Theme 3 Details – Enhancing Federal LeadershipFootnote 205

Name of theme

Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Federal theme planned spending

2023–24 Federal theme actual spending

Theme outcome(s)

Theme performance indicator(s)

Theme target(s)

Date to achieve theme target

2023–24 Actual results

Enhancing Federal LeadershipFootnote 206

$7,346,418

$ 2,448,806

$1,449,157

Stakeholder decision-making is supported by solid data and information on best practices

Percentage of stakeholders reporting that research and information produced under the ITAAGGV informed their policy and operational decisions

Minimum of 75% by year 3Footnote 207

March 31, 2026Footnote 208

91%

Theme 3 Horizontal Initiative Activities – Enhancing Federal Leadership by Public Safety

Name of theme

Link to the department's Program Inventory

Horizontal initiative activity (activities)

Total federal funding, including legacy funding,  allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote *

2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s)

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s)

2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s)

Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target

2023-24 Actual results

Public Safety Canada

Law Enforcement

Promote data collection and conduct research related to gun and gang violence

$7,346,418

$2,448,806

$1,449,157Footnote 209

Improved understanding of threats, challenges and opportunities

Percentage of police services with criminal organization flag data appearing in the Statistics Canada Juristat report compared to number of police services

55% year 1
60% year 2
65% year 3
70% year 4
75% year 5

March 2024, then annually Footnote 211

N/AFootnote 212

Number of hits on gun and gang violence items on Public Safety Canada website

At least 70,239 hits on gun and gang violence items and increased on an annual basisFootnote 213

March 31, 2024, then annually Footnote 214

Page Views:
English – 6429
French – 646
Total: 7075

Number of requests for download of reports and research published on Public Safety Canada's website

At least 8617 requests for downloads of reports and research and increased on an annual basis Footnote 215

March 31, 2024, then annually Footnote 216

6103 downloads over 22 files

Promote stakeholder engagement, collaboration and outreach

Improved awareness and information-sharing among stakeholders

Percentage of surveyed stakeholders that indicate they are aware of the ITAAGGV

Greater or equal to 85% by end of Year 2Footnote 217

March 31, 2025Footnote 218

92% as per the ITAAGGV Stakeholder Survey

Percentage of stakeholders that have a positive view on the usefulness of research and information-sharing activities undertaken by Public Safety Canada related to gun and gang violence

Minimum 50% by end of Year 3

March 31, 2026Footnote 219

12% Very Useful
69% Extremely Useful
81% have a positive view on the usefulness of the activities

Total spending, all themes

Theme

Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote *

2023-24 Total federal planned spending

2023-24 Total federal actual spending

Investing in Communities through a Grant and Contribution Program

$403,167,148

$80,9674,462

$80,833,687

Enhancing Federal Enforcement Capacity within the RCMP and CBSA

$115,384,779

$16,314,875

$13,103,238

Enhancing Federal Leadership by Public Safety

$7,346,418

$2,448,806

$1,449,157*

Subtotal, all themes

$525,898,345

$99,738,143

$95,386,082

Internal Services

$11,286,473

$2,342,736

$2,515,820

Total

$537,184,818

$102,080,879

$97,901,902

National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking (Closing report)

General information

Name of horizontal initiative

National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking (NSCHT)

Start date of the horizontal initiative

August 16, 2019

End date of the horizontal initiative

2023–24 (and ongoing for certain initiatives)

Lead department

Public Safety Canada

Number of times renewed

0

Federal partner departments

Canada Border Service Agency (CBSA);
Financial Transactions and Report Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC);
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC);
Women and Gender Equality Canada (WAGE);
Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC)

Note: Other government departments (Department of Justice (JUS), Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC), Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and Global Affairs Canada (GAC)) support this federal initiative, but are not captured in this Horizontal Initiative table as they do not receive funding through it.

Other non-federal partners

N/A

Expenditures

Total federal funding from start to end date (authorities and actual)

Themes and internal services

Authorities (according to the TB submission)

Actual spending

Variance(s)

Theme 1: Empowerment

$20,480,057

$14,657,427

$5,822,630

Theme 2: Prevention

$10,719,375

$11,086,277

($366,902)

Theme 3: Protection

$10,586,119

$9,751,390

$834,729

Theme 4: Prosecution

$7,083,340

$7,606,498

($523,158)

Theme 5: Partnerships

$3,753,831

$3,039,192

$714,639

Internal Services

$4,273,584

$2,975,565

$1,298,019

Total

$56,896,306

$49,116,349

$7,779,957

Results

Performance indicator(s) and trend data for shared outcome(s)

Performance indicators

Trend data

Percentage of Canadians who are aware of human trafficking as an issue in Canada

The trendFootnote 220 indicates a relatively stable level of awareness over the past five years, despite efforts to enhance knowledge that human trafficking is an issue in Canada. 2023-24 public opinion research from Public Safety Canada has reported that 66% of Canadians believe they understand the issue of human trafficking in Canada at least somewhat well. This is an 11% increase in awareness compared to 2021-22 (55%). Looking back over the course of the entire initiative however, current results are stable compared to baseline awareness levels from 2019-20 (66%).

Percentage increase of human trafficking victims/survivors who have been referred to appropriate support services by Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline (disaggregated by type of assistance provided)

Over the course of the National Strategy, there has been a steady increase in the performance of the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline to refer victims and survivors to the appropriate support services. The performance has met and exceeded its targeted 15% increase annually against a baseline of 250 referrals to service providers until March 31, 2023.

Increases were seen as follows:
2020-21: 355 referrals (42% increase)
2021-22: 429 referrals (71% increase)

Percentage of police-reported incidents of trafficking in persons

While the long-term goal is to see a decrease of police-reported incidents of trafficking in personsFootnote 221, trend data collected since 2019 demonstrates consistently higher reporting against the baseline data of 228 reported incidents of trafficking in persons from the 2018 Uniform Crime Reporting Survey.

This trend may be due to an increase in awareness of human trafficking, and not necessarily due to an actual increase in cases, but because of limited data, we are unable to be certain about causality at this time.

Specifically,
2023: Data will be available in fall 2024
2022: 528 reported incidents of trafficking in persons
2021: 555 reported incidents of trafficking in persons
2020: 515 reported incidents of trafficking in persons
2019: 546 reported incidents of trafficking in persons

Percentage of adult criminal court cases involving human trafficking offences where human trafficking is the most serious offence

Trend data is not available as there were not sufficient data points to establish an overall trend for the period of the National Strategy. Two Juristat Bulletins on Trafficking in Persons (TIP) were released by the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) in the reporting period.

TIP 2019, released in May 2021 reported: Less than half of the cases processed that year (47% or 49 cases) involved human trafficking as the most serious offence in the cases processed in 2018-19.

TIP 2021, released in December 2022 did not report on the seriousness of the human trafficking offence in relation to other offences tried in criminal court offences.

Percentage increase in victims or survivors that access trauma-informed and culturally-relevant services offered by funding recipients

Reported data from funded empowerment projects 2021-22 through to 2023-24 demonstrate a consistent increase against the baseline data of 249 victims or survivors accessing trauma-informed and culturally-relevant services over the first two years (273% in 2021-22, and 212% in 2022-23) with 653% increase (total 1875 individuals) reported in 2023-24.

Number of new human trafficking-related initiatives launched by Canada in cooperation with one or more partners

69 initiatives were reported in 2020-21 and 5 in 2021-22 respectively. While specifics for 2022-23 and 2023-24 are not available across all federal partners, there were a wide range of initiatives that Canada participated in over the course of the last several years, including webinars with international presenters, a workshop with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) as well as the renewal of a range of contribution agreements for service providers in support of the empowerment pillar.

Percentage of suppliers for PSPC high-risk procurements who report on taking mitigation actions to address human trafficking risks in their operations and supply chains

No trend data available. PSPC has not yet collected data for this indicator.

PSPC is in the process of implementing the Policy on Ethical Procurement, which will formally establish departmental objectives and outcomes for safeguarding federal procurement supply chains against human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour. PSPC is on track to develop a Human Rights Due Diligence Framework (HRDDF) that will set out measures for operationalizing objectives set out in the Policy.

These two tools will provide PSPC with the authority to collect relevant suppliers' data and information, which will enable quantitative reporting. For example, measures may be developed through the HRDDF to require suppliers for PSPC high- risk procurements to report on identification and mitigation actions taken to address human trafficking risks in their operations and supply chains.

Overall, the Policy and the measures that will be developed through the HRDDF will provide PSPC with the necessary means through which to require that specific due diligence actions be taken, which will in turn lead to enhanced risk identification and mitigation best practices.

Percentage increase in the number of financial intelligence disclosures regarding money laundering with human trafficking as a predicate offence

FINTRAC realized 48% decrease in disclosures compared to the baseline of 250 (2017-18) disclosures, with 147 disclosures in 2023-24.

The decrease in disclosures compared to previous years is due to greater focus on “network analysis”, aiming to disclose financial intelligence on a broader group of traffickers and associated victims in one package, resulting in roughly the same (or more) financial transactions being disclosed in 2023-24, but fewer overall packages. Several of the packages included a significant amount of financial transaction reports sent to law enforcement. For 2023-24, compared to 2017-18, FINTRAC has had a staggering 893% increase in the number of financial transaction reports disclosed to law enforcement as part of its “network analysis” focus as the analyses conducted were more complex and extensive. FINTRAC's hope is to give law enforcement a more comprehensive picture of individuals working together in a geographical area, and allow them to target more organized and sophisticated groups.

The decrease also reflects a shift in FINTRAC's overall goals as Project PROTECT matures – rather than sending proactive disclosures to all human trafficking units to develop relationships and raise awareness, the Centre has become more targeted in its approach.

Theme 1 outcomes
Federal suppliers mitigate human trafficking risks in federal procurement supply chains.
Victims and survivors of human trafficking have access to trauma-informed services tailored to their needs.
Victims, survivors and vulnerable populations use the platforms to issue recommendations that inform policy and programs.

Performance indicators

Trend data

Percentage of suppliers for PSPC high-risk procurements who report on taking mitigation actions to address human trafficking risks in their operations and supply chains

No trend data available. PSPC has not yet collected data for this indicator.

PSPC is in the process of implementing the Policy on Ethical Procurement, which will formally establish departmental objectives and outcomes for safeguarding federal procurement supply chains against human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour. The Policy will establish mechanisms in the procurement process to work with federal suppliers to mitigate impacts and facilitate positive outcomes where risks of such human and labour rights abuses occur.

PSPC is on track to develop a Human Rights Due Diligence Framework that will set out measures for operationalizing objectives set out in the Policy. This may include due diligence reporting requirements for suppliers of high-risk procurements to report on mitigation actions taken to address human trafficking risks in their operations and supply chains.

Percentage of identified or known victims or survivors that access services

Reported data from funded empowerment projects 2021-22 through to 2023-24 demonstrate consistent increase against the baseline data of 249 victims or survivors accessing trauma-informed and culturally-relevant services over the first two years (273% in 2021-22, and 212% in 2022-23) with 653% increase (total 1875 individuals) reported in 2023-24.

Percentage of victims or survivors who felt that services offered by funded service providers met their needs

Overall trend data not available, however when the data was collected from recipients in 2021-22, it showed that 81% of funded organizations stated that victims or survivors indicated that services offered met their needs.

Percentage of emerging practices that are considered in the policy or programs

Trend data not available. The intent of this indicator was to demonstrate that victims, survivors and vulnerable populations could use platforms established by PS (e.g., youth hackathon) to provide recommendations to policy and programs. While new platforms were not established, engagement with international partners and multilateral stakeholders has taken place regularly to discuss emerging practices and trends which have been integrated into the policy and program thinking within Public Safety Canada. 

Number of tailored services provided to victims and survivors of human trafficking through CPCSOC

With a baseline of four projects to offer tailored services, annual project performance reporting demonstrated that all of the twelve PS-funded empowerment projects under the NSCHT, prioritized the delivery of tailored services to victims and survivors through the duration of their individual projects, exceeding expectations.

Percentage of services providers reporting having increased their capacity to offer trauma-informed supports

Although increasing capacity to offer trauma-informed supports appeared to decline in 2022-23 (82%) and 2023-24 (67%), of the 11 empowerment projects funded in 2021-22, 100% reported increasing capacity to offer trauma-informed supports in their first year. This is a circumstance where the indicator suggests the need for annual increases, but what was found was that the provision of services maintained an optimal level of capacity and a reduced need to continually increase capacity.

Percentage of service providers' employees trained in providing trauma-informed services

The overall trend for this indicator spiked with 90% of the empowerment projects reported in 2021-22 that employees were trained in providing trauma-informed services. However, the following year reporting of annual training decreased in 2022-23 (83%) and approximately 60% in 2023-24. Public Safety Canada suspects that these decreases may be due to employees having been trained in the first year, which has resulted in lower levels in subsequent years combined with low employee turnover resulted in decreased annual training requirements.

Percentage of expected participants who attended each platform

The intent of this indicator was to measure the extent that victims, survivors and vulnerable populations access formalized platforms (a youth hackathon and a survivor advisory committee established by Public Safety Canada) to discuss human trafficking. Although trend data is not available, in 2021-22, one-time project funding was provided for a 2-day community hackathon, where 37.5% of expected participants attended, and 60% of expected participants attended, respectively, which is lower than the target of 80%.

Additionally, a survivor advisory committee was not established in this time period, and therefore data from attendance at survivor platforms is not available.

Percentage of respondents that indicate that the platform is an appropriate place for their voices to be heard (disaggregated by type)

While this indicator was intended to measure the effectiveness of platforms (a survivor advisory committee and a youth hackathon) to enable victims, survivors and vulnerable populations to issue recommendations that inform policy and programs, and given that a survivor advisory committee was not established during this period and the hackathon was a one-time two-day event, trend data is not available. Although testimonials provided by participants indicate that their awareness of human trafficking increased by participating in the Hackathon events, data on the appropriateness of the platform was not collected.

Number of emerging practicesFootnote 222 identified in youth hackathons

Trend data not available as the youth hackathons were only held in 2021-22. At the Addressing Human Trafficking in Atlantic Canada two-day "hackathon" project 1 identified 15 emerging practices, while project 2 identified 10 emerging practices. The target was identified as 10 per project, therefore the expected performance met the anticipated target.

Percentage of services providers who intend to apply trauma-informed promising practices

With a baseline to be established in 2024-25, a target was set of 67% of service providers. Although the baseline remains to be determined, in 2022-23 WAGE reported 86%, exceeding the target. This increased in 2023-24 to 100%, again exceeding the target.

Percentage of federal suppliers who have been provided with materials for their awareness of human and labour rights in their operations and supply chains

No trend data available; however, materials for awareness of human and labour rights in their operations and supply chains have recently been made available to all suppliers.

PSPC is in the process of implementing the Policy on Ethical Procurement, which will formally establish departmental objectives and outcomes for safeguarding federal procurement supply chains against human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour. PSPC is on track to develop a Human Rights Due Diligence Framework (HRDDF) that will set out measures for operationalizing objectives set out in the Policy. These two tools will provide PSPC with the authority to collect relevant suppliers' data and information, which will enable quantitative reporting.

Although PSPC has not yet collected data for this indicator, federal suppliers have been made aware of the risks of human and labour rights abuses in federal procurement supply chains through contracts and engagement activities. Since August 2021, the updated Code of Conduct for Procurement (which is a statement of expectations and an educational tool for Government of Canada suppliers) is included by reference into all PSPC contracts, and suppliers are expected to be aware of and comply with the expectations set forth, including specific expectations that federal suppliers respect workers' labour and human rights in their operations and supply chains. As of April 1, 2023, the Code of Conduct for Procurement is mandatory for all Government of Canada procurements.

PSPC implemented anti-forced labour contract clauses to ensure that federal procurements are only conducted with suppliers that maintain supply chains free of human trafficking and forced labour. As the anti-forced requirements are integrated in standard instructions for all goods contracts and, since November 2023, in all standing offers and supply arrangements, federal suppliers have been made aware of PSPC expectations regarding human and labour rights and are expected to consequently be aware of the risks in their operations and supply chains.

PSPC also organized engagement sessions to raise awareness of human and labour rights issues in supply chains and business practices. PSPC contracted a micro-learning video, set to go live in 2024, with the intention of providing an introductory resource for Canadian businesses seeking to better understand risks in their own supply chains.

In addition, in July 2024, PSPC published ethical procurement awareness and guidance materials for federal suppliers to further prevent and address human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour in federal procurement.

Percentage increase in federal suppliers for high-risk procurements who are aware of human and labour rights concerns in their operations and supply chains

No trend data available; however, outreach targeting federal suppliers for high-risk procurements was conducted to raise awareness of human and labour rights concerns in their operations and supply chains.

For example, in partnership with Shared Services Canada and Electronics Watch (a world-leading organization specializing in addressing the risks of human rights abuses in electronics supply chains of public buyers), PSPC hosted webinars on the risks of forced labour in electronic industry supply chains (March and May 2024). These webinars were opportunities for federal suppliers and particularly suppliers of high-risk procurements who received direct invitations, to learn about risks and indicators of forced labour in electronics supply chains, and discuss with experts on how to monitor and remedy these risks.

PSPC is in the process of implementing the Policy on Ethical Procurement, which will formally establish departmental objectives and outcomes for safeguarding federal procurement supply chains against human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour.

Additionally, PSPC is on track to develop a Human Rights Due Diligence Framework that will set out measures for operationalizing objectives set out in the Policy. These two tools will provide PSPC with the authority to collect relevant suppliers' data and information, which will enable quantitative reporting.

Although information for a baseline and the increase has not yet been collected, PSPC believes that there is an increase in federal suppliers for high-risk procurements who are aware of human and labour rights concerns in their operations and supply chains. For example, in January-February 2021, PSPC engaged in a consultation process seeking input from stakeholders on the updates to the Code of Conduct for Procurement. The consultation process included a survey for PSPC suppliers with a human and labour rights focus. Of the survey respondents, 48% indicated that they have a Corporate social responsibility policy in place. This demonstrated to PSPC that there was a good percentage of suppliers who were aware of human and labour rights concerns in their operations and supply chains before the revisions to the Code of Conduct for Procurement.

Once the department starts collecting suppliers' business data and information related to their ethical practices, PSPC will be able to measure and quantify the increase since the implementation of the updated Code of Conduct for Procurement and other ethical procurement instruments and initiatives.

Percentage of suppliers for PSPC high-risk procurements who have identified risks in their operations and supply chains

No trend data available. PSPC has not yet collected data for this indicator.

PSPC is in the process of implementing the Policy on Ethical Procurement, which will formally establish departmental objectives and outcomes for safeguarding federal procurement supply chains against human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour. PSPC is on track to develop a Human Rights Due Diligence Framework that will set out measures for operationalizing objectives set out in the Policy. These two tools will provide PSPC with the authority to collect relevant suppliers' data and information, which will enable quantitative reporting.

PSPC is on track to develop tools and resources to support federal suppliers for the identification and mitigation of risks related to human trafficking in supply chains. As mentioned above, materials for awareness of human and labour rights in their operations and supply chains have recently been made available to all suppliers. In July 2024, PSPC published ethical procurement awareness and guidance for federal suppliers to further prevent and address human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour in federal procurement.

Theme 2 outcome: General public, at-risk and vulnerable populations & international partners detect and report suspected human trafficking activity

Performance indicators

Trend data

Percentage increase of hotline signals received by the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline

The trend over the past five years is an exceptionally large increase in signals received on a year over year basis by the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline. The baseline of 1,384 signals was established in 2019-20 and 2020-21 saw a 123% increase, 2021-22 saw a 184% increase, and 2022-23 saw a 255% increase. This level of performance strongly suggests the need to continue to support the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline (the Hotline) as it appears to be a resource used extensively by those being trafficked in Canada.

Percentage increase of tips and enquiries triaged and reported to enforcement and investigative agency

The overall trend for this indicator was relatively stable. In 2019-20, a baseline of 28 tips was established. In 2020-21 the number increased by 71% (48 tips), however in subsequent years, the number decreased closer to the baseline, e.g., in 2021-22 24 tips and in 2022-23 26 tips.

While PS originally anticipated that numbers would grow year over year, we have since come to learn that the Hotline has noted that the majority of signallers do not want their cases referred to law enforcement. The Hotline only reports cases to authorities under three conditions: 1) at the signaller's request; 2) if the signaller is a minor in need of protection in keeping with the duty to report, and/or; 3) if the signaller's life is determined to be in imminent danger.

Percentage increase of human trafficking victims/survivors who have been referred to appropriate support services by Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline (disaggregated by type of assistance provided)

Over the course of the National Strategy, there has been a steady increase in the performance of the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline to refer victims and survivors to the appropriate support services. The performance has met and exceeded its targeted 15% increase annually against a baseline of 250 referrals to service providers until March 31, 2023.

Increases were seen as follows:
2020-21: 355 referrals (42% increase)
2021-22: 429 referrals (71%)
2022-23: 382 referrals (53%).
2023-24: data will be available in fall 2024.

Percentage of respondents who indicate being aware of human trafficking and reporting procedures (disaggregate by type)

2023-24 public opinion researchFootnote 223 from Public Safety Canada has reported that only 17% of Canadians would not know how to respond or what to do in a human trafficking situation—a 5% decrease compared to baseline levels in 2019-20 (22%). Additionally, 10% of Canadians are aware of the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline, accounting for a 4% increase in awareness versus baseline awareness levels in 2019-20 (6%).

When given a list of multiple options, 72% of Canadians would most likely respond to human trafficking situations by contacting local police to report it (compared to baseline results from 2019-20 at 74%), followed by 30% of Canadians choosing to contact the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline. The decrease in police reporting is attributed to the new list option of contacting the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline, which was added to the tracking survey in 2023-24 and previously unavailable as a baseline option.

Number of funded projects on human trafficking that were made publicly available (disaggregated by type)

Public Safety Canada has used this indicator to report on research projects and data collection efforts. The data collection initiative started in year one (2019) with both research and data collection activities taking place. Although trend data is not available, during this time, three data collection Juristat reports on Trafficking in Persons were published by Statistics Canada (February 2021, May 2021 and December 2022). In 2023, a multi-year letter of agreement was finalized to facilitate ongoing annual Juristat Trafficking in Persons report publication. Research activities took place in 2022-23, however the reports were not released during this time period.

Percentage of respondents who agree or strongly agree that the research/data projects improved their awareness of cross-cutting issues and trends related to human trafficking (disaggregated by type)

The National Strategy's performance measurement plan involves a data strategy using existing data sources and the creation of new data collection tools such as an annual stakeholder survey. The stakeholder survey intended to collect this data was not issued during the reporting period and this data was not collected.

Percentage increase in referrals to Government of Canada publications from the “Tools and Resources” pageFootnote 224

This new indicator was introduced in 2022-23 and trend data is not available, however, in 2023-24, there were 197 human trafficking-related downloads in 2023-24 (574 page views)Footnote 225.

Percentage increase in page visits for human trafficking homepageFootnote 226

This new indicator was introduced in 2022-23 and trend data is not available, however, in 2023-24, there were 6,169 views of the human trafficking homepage.

Theme 3 outcome: Canadians and foreign nationals are protected from all forms of human trafficking and associated harms

Performance indicators

Trend data

Percentage of cases classified as human trafficking cases by the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline via public reporting

Between 2019-22, the Hotline identified 1,500 human trafficking cases. In working with Hotline, it was determined in 2022-23 that they were unable to report on this particular activity. Public reporting does indicate an increasing volume of calls year over year, but unable to categorize the overall percentage of those that are in fact unique human trafficking cases.

Percentage of respondents who agreed or strongly agreed that the national case management standard was useful in developing policies and practices to protect victims and survivors of human trafficking

Although efforts did take place to develop guidelines for front-line community workers supporting victims of sex trafficking and labour trafficking, these have yet to be published due to a newly identified need for a validation exercise. Webinars that provided multi-sector training tools were completed to support the development of policies and practices to protect victims and survivors, however no trend data is available at this time.

Number and percentage of active large-scale administrative investigations actively pursued into human trafficking that identify potential foreign national victims and/or perpetrators of human trafficking

Since 2019-20, of the number of administrative investigations into human trafficking (ranging from 10 to 20 per year) 100% of potential foreign national victims and/or perpetrators were consistently identified through these investigations year over year, meeting the established target of 100%.

Percentage of Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations reviewed

Starting at 42% of IRPA and 40% of IRPR reviewed in 2020-21, this percentage remained the same in 2021-22 and increased to 80% IRPA and 80% IRPR in 2022-23 and culminated with a final increase to 100% of both IRPA IRPR reviewed in 2023-24.

Number of policy proposals based on gaps identified in assessment of immigration enforcement policy frameworks

During the course of the Strategy, one regulatory amendment governing immigration enforcement was identified in 2021-22, meeting the target of one or mor

Number of downloads of tools (disaggregate by type)

Although efforts did take place to develop guidelines for front-line community workers supporting victims of sex trafficking and labour trafficking, these have yet to be published due to a newly identified need for a validation exercise. Webinars that provided multi-sector training tools were completed to support the development of policies and practices to protect victims and survivors, however no trend data is available at this time.

Percentage of respondents who agree or strongly agree that the case management standard was comprehensive

Although efforts did take place to develop guidelines for front-line community workers supporting victims of sex trafficking and labour trafficking, these have yet to be published due to a newly identified need for a validation exercise. Therefore, no trend data is available.

Percentage of respondents who agree or strongly agree that training tools improved awareness of reporting procedures of suspected cases human trafficking

Although efforts did take place to develop guidelines for front-line community workers supporting victims of sex trafficking and labour trafficking, these have yet to be published due to a newly identified need for a validation exercise. Therefore, no trend data is available.

Percentage of respondents who agree or strongly agree that the case management standard was useful in informing their practices and policies to protect victims and survivors of human trafficking

Although efforts did take place to develop guidelines for front-line community workers supporting victims of sex trafficking and labour trafficking, these have yet to be published due to a newly identified need for a validation exercise. Webinars that provided multi-sector training tools were completed to support the development of policies and practices to protect victims and survivors, however no trend data is available at this time.

Number of temporary resident permits (TRPs) issued to victims of trafficking in persons (VTIPs) per year broken down by initial TRPs, subsequent TRPs, and by gender, age, and country of origin

The comparative dataFootnote 227 over the past five years shows consistent trends in the number of Temporary Resident Permits (TRPs) issued to victims of trafficking in persons (VTIPs). This data includes initial and subsequent TRPs, categorized by gender, age, and country of origin. There has been a slight increase in the overall number of VTIP TRPs issued. The age group 25-54 continues to receive the most TRPs, while those under 18 receive the fewest. The nationality breakdown remains unchanged, with Mexican nationals having the highest number of TRPs issued. Additionally, VTIP TRPs continue to be issued primarily to males.

For example:
2019-20 - 201 VTIP TRPs issued
(Breakdowns not available – data production is under development)

2020-21 - 90 VTIP TRPs issued. Breakdown as follows

  • 16 initial VTIP TRPs issued, and 74 subsequent VTIP TRPs issued.
  • Gender: 29 VTIP TRPs issued to females, 61 VTIP TRPs issued to males.
  • Age: 5 issued to victims under the age of 18; 9 issued to victims aged 18 to 24; and 76 issued to victims aged 25 to 54.
  • Nationality/Passport:
    • Mexico: 70
    • Guatemala: 5
    • Philippines: 4
    • India: 2
    • United States: 2
    • Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Hong Kong SAR, Jamaica, Namibia, St. Lucia and the United Kingdom and Overseas Territories: 1 each

2021-22 - 81 VTIP TRPs issued. Breakdown as follows:

  • 22 initial VTIP TRPs issued, and 59 subsequent VTIP TRPs issued.
  • Gender: 37 VTIP TRPs issued to females (13 initial, 24 subsequent), 44 VTIP TRPs issued to males (9 initial, 35 subsequent).
  • Age: 8 TRPs issued to victims under the age of 18 (6 initial, 2 subsequent); 11 TRPs issued to victims ages 18-24 (3 initial, 8 subsequent); 62 TRPs issued to victims ages 25-54 (13 initial, 49 subsequent).
  • Nationality:
    • 5 Guatemala (1 initial, 4 subsequent),
    • 2 Hong Kong SAR (1 initial, 1 subsequent),
    • 3 India (2 initial, 1 subsequent),
    • 51 Mexico (9 initial, 42 subsequent),
    • 2 Nepal (2 initial)
    • 8 Philippines (4 initial, 4 subsequent),
    • 2 USA (2 subsequent) and
    • 1 for each of the following countries:
    • Brazil (1 subsequent), Republic of Guinea (1 subsequent), Haiti (1 subsequent), Italy (1 initial), Morocco (1 initial), Nigeria (1 initial), UK-British Citizen (1 subsequent), Ukraine (1 subsequent).

2022-23 - 159 temporary resident permits (TRPs) were issued to victims of trafficking in persons (VTIPs) in total.

Breakdown as follows:

  • 143 initialFootnote243 VTIP TRPs issued, and 16 subsequent VTIP TRPs issued.
  • Gender: 53 VTIP TRPs issued to females (49 initial, 4 subsequent), 106 VTIP TRPs issued to males (94 initial, 12 subsequent).
  • Age: 4 VTIP TRPs issued to victims under the age of 18 (4 initial); 21 VTIP TRPs issued to victims ages 18-24 (19 initial, 2 subsequent); 133 VTIP TRPs issued to victims ages 25-54 (119 initial, 14 subsequent).
  • Nationality:
    • 125 Mexico (114 initial, 11 subsequent),
    • 17 Guatemala (14 initial, 3 subsequent),
    • Less than 5 VTIP TRPs issued for each of the following countries: Colombia, The Bahama Islands, Barbados, Brazil, Hong Kong SAR, Italy, Jamaica, Republic of Korea, Nigeria, United Kingdom and Overseas Territories, United States of America, Philippines

2023-24 - 105 temporary resident permits (TRPs) were issued to victims of trafficking in persons (VTIPs) in total. Breakdown as follows:

  • 60 Initial VTIP TRPs issued, and 45 subsequent VTIP TRPs issued.
  • Gender: 30 VTIP TRPs issued to females (10 initial, 20 subsequent), 75 VTIP TRPs issued to males (50 initial, 25 subsequent).
  • Age: 0 VTIP TRPs issued to victims under the age of 18; 5 VTIP TRPs issued to victims ages 18-24 (5 initial, 0 subsequent); 100 VTIP TRPs issued to victims ages 25-54 (55 initial, 45 subsequent).
  • Nationality:
    • 80 Mexico (50 initial, 30 subsequent),
    • 10 Guatemala (5 initial, 5 subsequent),
    • 5 Algeria (5 initial, 0 subsequent)

Less than 5 VTIP TRPs issued for each of the following countries: The Bahama Islands, Bangladesh, Barbados, Estonia, Republic of Korea, Philippines, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, United Kingdom and Overseas Territories.

Number of VTIP TRPs refused each year broken down by initial TRPs, subsequent TRPs, and by gender, age, and country of origin

Due to the high volume of VTIP TRP applicationsFootnote 228 received and the significant percentage of these applications reaching a final decision during the period of 2023-24, the number of refused applications has increased. With a substantial number of applications from Mexican nationals, Mexican nationals continue to have a high rate of refusal.

For example:
2019-20 – data not available.
2020-21 – data not available.
2021-22 - 10 VTIP TRPs refused. Breakdown as follows:

  • 3 initial VTIP TRPs refused versus 7 subsequent VTIP TRPs refused.
  • Gender: 3 VTIP TRPs refused to females (2 initial, 1 subsequent), 7 VTIP TRPs refused to males (1 initial, 6 subsequent).
  • Age: 0 refused to victims under the age of 18; 1 refused to victims ages 18 to 24 (1 subsequent); 9 refused to victims ages 25 to 54 (3 initial, 6 subsequent).
  • Nationality: 1 Antigua and Barbuda (1 subsequent), 1 the Bahama Islands (1 initial), 1 Honduras (1 initial), 2 Mexico (2subsequent), 5 Philippines (1 initial, 4 subsequent).

2022-23 - 25 VTIP TRPs were refused. Breakdown as follows:

  • 14 initial VTIP TRPs refused versus 11 subsequent VTIP TRPs refused.
  • Gender: 10 VTIP TRPs refused to females (7 initial, 3 subsequent), 15 VTIP TRPS refused to males (7initial, 8 subsequent).
  • Age: 1 VTIP TRP refused to victims under the age of 18 (1 initial); 3 VTIP TRP refused to victims ages 18-24 (1 initial, 2 subsequent); 20 VTIP TRP refused to victims ages 25 to 54 (11 initial, 9 subsequent), 1 VTIP TRP refused to victims ages 55+ (1 initial).
  • Nationality: 17 Mexico (7 initial, 10 subsequent), 3 Dominica (3 initial), 1 Colombia (1 subsequent), 1 Federal Republic of Cameroon (1 initial), 1 India (1 initial), 1 People's Republic of China (1 initial), 1 Republic of Ivory Coast (1 initial).

2023-24 - 60 VTIP TRPs were refused. Breakdown as follows:

  • 35 initial VTIP TRPs refused and 25 subsequent VTIP TRPs refused.
  • Gender: 20 VTIP TRPs refused to females (15 initial, 5 subsequent), 55 VTIP TRPS refused to males (35 initial, 20 subsequent).
  • Age: 0 VTIP TRP refused to victims under the age of 18 (initial); 15 VTIP TRP refused to victims ages 18-24 (10 initial, 5 subsequent); 40 VTIP TRP refused to victims ages 25 to 54 (20 initial, 20 subsequent).
  • Nationality:
    • 50 Mexico (30 initial, 20 subsequent),
    • Less than 5 VTIP TRPs refused for each of the following countries: Ecuador, Guatemala, Kenya, Republic of Korea, Philippines, United Kingdom and Overseas Territories

Percentage of VTIP TRP applications submitted processed to a final decisionFootnote 229

All VTIP TRP applications, excluding those that are withdrawn or returned as incomplete are processed to a final decision. However, as the number of VTIP TRP applications fluctuates year over year (in 2022-23, VTIP TRP applications more than tripled those submitted in the previous year) and some applications may not be finalized in the same fiscal year as they were received.

For example:
2019-20 – data not available
2020-21 - 100% of VTIP TRP applications received in 2020-21 were processed to final decision.
2021-22 - 100% of the 89 VTIP TRP applications received in 2021-22 were processed to final decision.
2022-23 - 59% of the 288 VTIP TRP applications received in 2022-23 were processed to final decision
2023-24 - 96% of the 115 VTIP TRP applications received in 2023-24 were processed to final decision.

Theme 4 outcome: Federal government, law enforcement and prosecutors investigate and prosecute cases of human trafficking using human trafficking laws

Performance indicators

Trend data

Percentage of adult criminal court cases involving human trafficking offences where human trafficking is the most serious offence

Trend data is not available as there were not sufficient data points to establish an overall trend for the period of the National Strategy. Two Juristat Bulletins on Trafficking in Persons (TIP) were released by the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) in the reporting period.

TIP 2019, released in May 2021 reported: Less than half of the cases processed that year (47% or 49 cases) involved human trafficking as the most serious offence in the cases processed in 2018-19.

TIP 2021, released in December 2022 did not report on the seriousness of the human trafficking offence in relation to other offences tried in criminal court offences.

Number of CBSA criminal investigations cases involving suspected human trafficking, including those referred to police, pursued jointly with police, and cases of CBSA human trafficking charges secondary to other IRPA charges

Between 2021-22 and 2023-24, the number of cases pursued per year fluctuated, with seven in 2020-21, two in 2021-22, five in 2022-23 and 12 in 2023-24.

Percentage increase in the number of financial intelligence disclosures regarding money laundering with human trafficking as a predicate offence

FINTRAC realized a 48% decrease in disclosures compared to the baseline of 250 (2017-18) disclosures (147 disclosures in 2023-24).

The decrease in disclosures compared to previous years is due to greater focus on “network analysis”, aiming to disclose financial intelligence on a broader group of traffickers and associated victims in one package, resulting in roughly the same (or more) financial transactions being disclosed in 2023-24, but fewer overall packages. Several of the packages included a significant amount of financial transaction reports sent to law enforcement. For 2023-24, compared to 2017-18, FINTRAC has had a staggering 893% increase in the number of financial transaction reports disclosed to law enforcement as part of its “network analysis” focus as the analyses conducted were more complex and extensive. FINTRAC's hope is to give law enforcement a more comprehensive picture of individuals working together in a geographical area, and allow them to target more organized and sophisticated groups.

The decrease also reflects a shift in FINTRAC's overall goals as Project PROTECT matures – rather than sending proactive disclosures to all human trafficking units to develop relationships and raise awareness, the Centre has become more targeted in its approach.

Number of intelligence products developed to support the identification of suspected cases of human trafficking

Year over year, CBSA consistently achieved above the target of 11 intelligence products per year. With initial reporting of 32 products developed in 2020-21, this number increased to 71 in 2021-22, experienced a slight dip in 2022-23 with 69 products and increased again to 87 in 2023-24.

Number of scenario-based rules developed for human trafficking

Starting in 2020-21 and through to 2023-24, CBSA consistently met the target of three new scenario-based rules developed per year. Additionally, a total of 39 existing scenarios were also received.

Number of leads involving suspected human trafficking cases referred to CBSA Criminal Investigations

Although a target of 26 cases referred per year was set, actual annual numbers fluctuated significantly not identifying any particular trend, e.g., 23 cases in 2020-21, 8 cases in 2021-22, 76 cases in 2022-23 and 112 cases in 2023-24.

Number of suspected human trafficking cases reviewed by CBSA Immigration Investigations

A trend did not appear during the time period, with CBSA reviewing 0 cases in 2020-21, three cases in 2021-22, two cases in 2022-23 and eight cases in 2023-24.

Note: Other cases identified individuals involved in organized crime activities including those that fall under human trafficking, those cases involved domestic human trafficking activities (under s. 37(1)(a) of IRPA) but did not meet the high legal threshold required for transnational organized crime for trafficking in persons as clarified by the Supreme Court of Canada.

Major update of training product developed (yes/no)

Yes. Training launched in December 2021. Ongoing updates continue when needed.

Ongoing incremental updates to training (yes/no)

Yes. In 2021-22, the People at Risk lesson in the Officer Induction Training Program (OITP) and the Minister's Delegate Review courses were updated. Ongoing updates continue when needed.

Percentage increase in the number of financial intelligence disclosures regarding money laundering with human trafficking as a predicate offence

FINTRAC realized 48% decrease in disclosures compared to the baseline of 250 (2017-18) disclosures, (147 disclosures in 2023-24).

The decrease in disclosures compared to previous years is due to greater focus on “network analysis”, aiming to disclose financial intelligence on a broader group of traffickers and associated victims in one package, resulting in roughly the same (or more) financial transactions being disclosed in 2023-24, but fewer overall packages. Several of the packages included a significant amount of financial transaction reports sent to law enforcement. For 2023-24, compared to 2017-18, FINTRAC has had a staggering 893% increase in the number of financial transaction reports disclosed to law enforcement as part of its “network analysis” focus as the analyses conducted were more complex and extensive. FINTRAC's hope is to give law enforcement a more comprehensive picture of individuals working together in a geographical area, and allow them to target more organized and sophisticated groups.

The decrease also reflects a shift in FINTRAC's overall goals as Project PROTECT matures – rather than sending proactive disclosures to all human trafficking units to develop relationships and raise awareness, the Centre has become more targeted in its approach.

Percentage increase in the number of strategic intelligence products related to human trafficking

1 Financial Intelligence Report (2023-24) meeting the baseline of 1 product established in 2017-18.

Percentage increase in the number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) received by FINTRAC related to human trafficking

893% (30,378 STRs in 2023-24) above the baseline of 3,400 established in 2017-18.

Percentage of participants of International Conference who indicate improved knowledge of the scope, scale and sensitivities around human trafficking

The conference was not held in the first three reporting years (2020-21 to 2022-23) due to the changing nature and challenges related to COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022-23 the conference was deferred. As an alternate measure to promote knowledge sharing and stakeholder engagement, Public Safety Canada held eight webinars during this period.

Theme 5 outcome: F/P/T/I governments, industry, NGOs and international partners work collaboratively to address cross-cutting issues and trends related to human trafficking

Performance indicators

Trend data

Percentage of new opportunities or initiatives completed by Canada in cooperation with one or more partners

With new funding and momentum from the launch of the Strategy, in 2020-21, 69 new initiatives had been reported as "launched by Canada", however the stakeholder survey intended to collect this data was not issued during the rest of the reporting period and this data was not collected, therefore trend data is not available. Notwithstanding, Public Safety Canada completed five in initiatives in 2021-22 one initiative in cooperation with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in 2023-24.

Number of committees, contact groups, working groups or expert groups chaired, co-chaired or convened by Canada

Under the National Strategy, Public Safety Canada has made consistent efforts to work collaboratively with partners, while adapting to new modes of meeting, imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2020-21, when Public Safety Canada reported convening four groups, PS increased this count to 18 (2021-22) and 17 (2022-23) before reducing to 13 chaired/co-chaired groups convened in 2023-24.

Percentage increase in new partnerships or opportunities identified by the Chief Advisor

A Chief Advisor to Combat Human Trafficking was not appointed during this time period, therefore data is not available to report on this indicator.

Number of annual in-person engagements held with internal and external stakeholders

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that imposed restrictions on in-person engagements, trend data is not available for annual in-person engagements. However, in 2022-23 PS participated in two engagements, and in 2023-24 participated in four annual in-person engagements.

Number of new opportunities or initiatives initiated by Canada in cooperation with one or more partners

Although 69 initiatives were reported in 2020-21 and 5 in 2021-22 respectively. While specifics for 2022-23 and 2023-24 are not available across all federal partners, there were a wide range of initiatives that Canada participated in over the course of the last several years, including webinars with international presenters, a workshop with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) as well as the renewal of a range of contribution agreements for service providers in support of the empowerment pillar. 

Percentage of respondents who agree or strongly agree that engagement sessions improved their awareness of cross-cutting issues and trends related to human trafficking

Starting in 2020-21, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, engagements took the form of public webinars. A participant survey collected data on whether the sessions improved their networks, to which PS maintained above 50% positive survey responses year over year.

Percentage of Chief Advisor recommendations consideredFootnote 230

A Chief Advisor to Combat Human Trafficking was not appointed during this time period, therefore data is not available to report on this indicator.

Number of products developed and published

Target: 4 products developed and published annually against baseline data of15 PS products and reports published between 2012-2017.

Number of interdepartmental meetings held on human trafficking

Target: 6 interdepartmental meetings per year; an increase against the baseline of 4 meetings per year.

Brief explanation of performance

Launched in 2019, Canada's National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking brings federal efforts together to address human trafficking in Canada under one strategic framework and is supported by an investment of $57.22 million over five years and $10.28 million per year ongoing, shared among six federal Departments or agencies (Women and Gender Equality Canada (WAGE), the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC), the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), and Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). Efforts of other federal partners such as Global Affairs Canada (GAC), Justice Canada, the RCMP, Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) among others, ensure the Strategy delivers a whole-of-government approach, which is framed under the internationally recognized pillars of prevention, protection, prosecution and partnerships, as well as a pillar for “empowerment".

Public Safety Canada

PS has continued to lead this national horizontal initiative and through a strong governance structure, has successfully coordinated annual corporate and public reporting, including reporting to international fora such as the US Trafficking in Persons report where we have maintained a top tier rating, amongst others; provided secretariat services to facilitate collaboration across the federal Human Trafficking Task Force (HTT) and supported both the Director General's Steering Committee and Assistant Deputy Ministers' Roundtable, as well as FPT working groups; and delivered annual stakeholder engagement activities such as webinars.

National public awareness campaign

Between 2021-2023, the public awareness campaign website which served as the central online destination for all advertising and marketing activities, generated nearly 338,000 web visits (approximately 305,000 English and 33,000 French) and 4,477 outbound connections to the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline to seek out help.

Survivor advisory committee

Efforts were taken to establish a survivor's advisory committee, including receiving advice from an interim Special Advisor on Human Trafficking, drafting a Terms of Reference and taking steps to develop a process for identifying potential candidates. Subsequently, lessons learned from other international survivor advisory committees has led PS to defer the establishment a survivor advisory committee and prioritized receiving advice from a Chief Advisor on Human Trafficking. The aim was to ensure that the establishment of any survivor advisory groups is trauma-informed, inclusive and the most appropriate mechanism to hear from survivors, all to be done in collaboration with a Chief Advisor.

Special advisor on human trafficking

Under the partnerships pillar, the National Strategy committed to appointing a high-profile advisor on human trafficking to provide advice and recommendations to the GoC on anti-human trafficking efforts, to raise awareness on the issue domestically and internationally, and to share best practices. A special advisor position was temporarily filled with a part-time placement between September 2019 to September 2021, in response to the urgent need during the launch of the National Strategy. Since that time, and acknowledging continued need and stakeholder interest, efforts continued to identify and recommend candidates for the position. In 2024-25, PS agreed with the Management Action Plan from the National Strategy evaluation which recommended that PS continue to work toward appointing a high-profile advisor for human trafficking. This work is underway.

National case management standard

During this period, the national case management standard was re-framed to address a perceived need for guidelines for front-line community workers to support victims of human trafficking. Through a competitive process, two sets of guidelines for front-line community workers supporting 1) victims of sex trafficking and 2) victims of labour trafficking were developed. These have yet to be published due to a newly identified need for review and validation exercise.

Multi-sectoral education and training tools for industry

PS recognized that capacity of front-line workers to detect and identify suspected cases of human trafficking could be improved with enhanced coordination of available training resources and tools. To respond to this need, PS moved forward with the development of guidelines for front-line community workers supporting 1) victims of sex trafficking and 2) victims of labour trafficking.. Further, in 2023-24, PS delivered two public webinars with attendees from a variety of sectors including public sector and industry, academia, non-governmental organizations, federal, provincial and municipal governments, Indigenous organizations, and individuals. These webinars explored human trafficking awareness and response training tools for different sectors including the transportation, health and hospitality, and included question and answer opportunities with the guest panelists.

Data collection and research

Through a letter of agreement, PS engaged Statistics Canada's Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics to deliver Trafficking in Persons in Canada Juristat Bulletins, which provides data on trends in police-reported incidents of human trafficking in Canada through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey, and court outcomes of cases related to human trafficking using data from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey (ICCS).

Further, through a data sharing agreement established in 2022, the Canadian Centre to End Human Trafficking, which administers the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline, provides data to inform Statistics Canada Juristat reports.

Other program-related initiatives (G&C delivery and administration)

Through PS's Contribution Program to Combat Serious and Organized Crime, the Department delivered two streams of projects. Stream A, funded projects and/or initiatives starting in 2020-21 that support and advance efforts to prevent and combat human trafficking, with a specific focus on raising awareness of human trafficking among at-risk youth to prevent at-risk youth from becoming victims of this crime. The time-limited and multi-year contribution was for the development of pilot projects that test promising or best practices with a focus on a) creating innovative human trafficking awareness tools for at-risk youth that can be replicated; b) raising awareness of human trafficking in group home settings; and c) promoting at-risk youth involvement in the development of the pilot projects.

Stream B, funded projects starting in 2020-21 that support and advance efforts to prevent and combat human trafficking, with a specific focus on enhancing access to trauma-informed, culturally-relevant, wrap-around services and supports. The aim was to empower victims and survivors of human trafficking to regain their independence. Projects were to also help to prevent the re-victimization of people who have been the targets of human trafficking, and support their recovery as they regain control over their lives, gain independence, and reintegrate into their communities.

Projects that targeted one or more of at-risk and vulnerable populations such as Indigenous persons living on and off-reserve, in Northern, rural or urban communities; persons living with disabilities; and immigrant and migrant populations, including migrant and foreign national workers, were prioritized.

The evaluation found that the National Strategy contributed to community capacity to better support victims and survivors in regaining control and independence through funded projects and that positive impacts of these projects were reported. Internal key informants and most funding recipients revealed that the projects funded under the empowerment pillar had positive impacts on victims and survivors, helping them to regain control of their lives.

Canada Border Service Agency (CBSA)
Assessments of immigration enforcement processes to ensure that adequate safeguards are in place for victims of human trafficking and violence based on sex

The CBSA has met, and in most cases, exceeded its key performance indicators. While some performance indicators are identified as complete, the CBSA will continue its ongoing updates and review as needed. The Dedicated Experts Group continues to coordinate, consult and develop strategies to combat human trafficking to improve the Agency's ability to identify and intercept instances of human trafficking at the border and within Canada.

Over five years of the National Strategy (2019-2024), CBSA reviewed its immigration enforcement and inadmissibility policy frameworks to reduce inadvertent re-traumatization of victims and survivors of human trafficking and gender-based violence. The review encompassed the entirety of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations. As a result of this review, the Agency developed a Gender-based Violence Work Plan and identified seven policy gaps and areas for potential policy, legislative, and regulatory reforms to integrate considerations for victims and survivors of gender-based violence. Human trafficking is a form of gender-based violence, and the Gender-based Violence Work Plan is designed to include all forms of gender-based violence in line with stakeholder recommendations. From the Gender-based Violence Work Plan, the Agency has successfully completed one regulatory amendment incorporating gender-based violence considerations and plans to pursue the remaining six identified legislative and regulatory amendments with ongoing funding.

Dedicated group of border officers to develop enhanced strategies to combat human trafficking

CBSA established a Dedicated Expert Group to coordinate, consult and develop strategies to combat human trafficking to expand the Agency's ability to identify, intercept and investigate instances of human trafficking overseas, at the border, and in Canada. The Dedicated Expert Group consists of policy and program experts from the Intelligence and Enforcement Branch, Strategic Policy Branch and the Human Resources Branch who convened since October 2020 on a monthly basis to share information, engage with each other on the development of products, and enhance knowledge exchange through occasional presentations from outside the Agency.

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)
Increase its capacity to better detect human trafficking cases in the immigration system

IRCC conducts large-scale administrative investigations into human trafficking that identify potential foreign national victims and/or perpetrators of human trafficking. By doing so, IRCC is in the position to collect the necessary evidence in support of administrative decisions and referrals to its enforcement partners (e.g., the Canada Border Services Agency and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police) for possible criminal investigation and prosecution. In addition, these large-scale administrative investigations help deter fraud, support officers making decisions on applications, provide input into policy and program development and otherwise strengthen program integrity. Since the launch of the National Strategy in 2019, there were 49 human trafficking investigations initiated by IRCC. In total, 100% of investigations identified potential foreign national victims and/or perpetrators of human trafficking.

Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC)
Improve its current capacity to mitigate the risk of human trafficking through federal procurement

PSPC's Ethical Procurement Team was created in 2019 through funding provided under the National Strategy. Its activities to date include identifying risks of human trafficking, forced labour and child labour in PSPC's supply chains; engaging with suppliers to raise awareness; outlining human and labour rights expectations and requirements for suppliers; and developing and implementing tools to ensure compliance. It is also examining long-term approaches to addressing human trafficking and forced labour in federal procurement supply chains.

Develop tools to assist suppliers identify and address human trafficking vulnerabilities in their supply chains

Engaging suppliers and contracting officers, and building their awareness are essential steps in addressing labour exploitation in supply chains. As such, PSPC has organized several engagement sessions to raise awareness of human and labour rights. PSPC is developing awareness materials and information tools for procurement officers. PSPC held a focus group discussion with procurement officers to identify and discuss their needs for tools and resources.

Under the National Strategy, PSPC revised its Code of Conduct for Procurement (the code) to include human and labour rights expectations for PSPC suppliers and their subcontractors. The updated code allows Canada to terminate a contract with a federal supplier if they, or their subcontractors, have been engaged in any form of human trafficking. As of April 1, 2023, amendments to the Treasury Board Directive on the Management of Procurement have made the code mandatory for all Government of Canada procurements. In addition, PSPC implemented anti-forced labour clauses in all goods contracts to ensure that it can terminate contracts where there is credible information that goods were produced in whole or in part by forced labour or human trafficking. These clauses were subsequently expanded to standing offers and supply arrangements.

PSPC also delivered two supplier engagement sessions on ethical procurement to raise awareness of supply chain risks, outline departmental human and labour rights priorities, and promote greater ongoing dialogue with the supplier community. These sessions provided suppliers with a forum where they could discuss challenges and opportunities in combatting human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour in federal supply chains. Most recently, PSPC conducted a mapping of international due diligence obligations for businesses to report on actions taken to address the risks of forced labour and human rights violations.

Women and Gender Equality Canada (WAGE)

Under the National Strategy, WAGE funded 42 projects valued at $14 million to develop, deliver, and test innovative prevention programs for at-risk populations; and develop, deliver, and test innovative short-term continuum of care interventions to support survivors while they transition out of human trafficking, reintegrate into their communities, and begin their healing and recovery process. Half the funded projects delivered targeted supports to survivors of human trafficking, employing a holistic approach to help empower individuals to take back control over their lives. Some of the models that have been developed through these projects include intensive case management services for victims and survivors of human trafficking, trauma-informed counselling services, peer-led support programs for at-risk populations, and resources and education modules for at-risk populations, frontline workers, and community organizations. The other 21 funded projects aimed to prevent trafficking through a variety of means including peer leadership and mentorship, survivor-informed prevention programming, and anti-trafficking prevention training for service providers, education workers, and community partners. WAGE extended or provided new funding to scale 11 projects totaling $1.4M in 2023-2024. Many underserved populations are being supported by these projects, including Indigenous people and youth.

Financial Transactions and Report Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC)
Support Project PROTECT, a public-private focused on money laundering related to human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation.

The enhanced funding from the National Strategy to Project PROTECT led to an increased capacity to produce financial intelligence on the laundering of proceeds of crime derived from human trafficking. It also led to extensive outreach, awareness and training with domestic and international partners, to share the benefits of financial intelligence in combatting human trafficking. Within the fiscal years 2019-20 to 2023-24, more than 1200 financial intelligence disclosure packages were produced to support law enforcement investigations into human trafficking. These financial intelligence disclosure packages included thousands of transaction reports, to more than forty domestic partners including Canada's municipal, provincial, Indigenous, and federal police forces, and foreign financial intelligence units in support of their human trafficking investigations. The majority of these disclosures were provided proactively (73%), meaning that they potentially identified individuals and/or networks within the financial intelligence that may have been previously unknown to law enforcement.

Programs receiving ongoing funding

Program

Ongoing funding

Purpose

PS

$2,866,501

Empowerment Projects
Survivor-led Advisory Committee
Youth Hackathons
Pilot Project At Risk Youths
Cost Recovery Data Project
Research
Public Awareness
National Case Management
Multi Sectoral Training Tools
International Conference
Chief Advisor
Annual Stakeholder Engagement
Coordination/Capacity to Deliver

CBSA

$1,704,171 (include direct + indirect + PSPC/SSC/EBP cost)

Dedicated Expert Group
Policy capacity to protect victims of human trafficking in the immigration enforcement system

FINTRAC

$513,597 ongoing

Project PROTECT

IRCC

$1,989,000 ongoing

Enhance Capacity to detect HT (TRP VTIP)

PSPC

$1,145,999 ongoing

Ethical Behaviours

WAGE

$2,000,000 ongoing

Continuum of Care Prevention

Total

$10,219,268

N/A

Plans (including timelines) for evaluation and/or audit

In accordance with the Treasury Board Policy on Results and the Directive on Results, an evaluation of the National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking took place in 2023-24 covering the period from fiscal year 2019-20 to 2022‑23. At the time of the evaluation, the National Strategy was in the fourth of five years of funding and evaluation results generally reflect work completed by March 2023, with some exceptions where work completed during fiscal year 2023-24 was included. With limited performance data available to measure the impact of activities under the National Strategy, the evaluation team supplemented available data with evidence provided during interviews.

The purpose of the evaluation was to assess the relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of the National Strategy. The evaluation found that there is a continued need for the National Strategy to prevent the trafficking of individuals, support victims and survivors, and improve Canadian law enforcement's ability to apprehend and prosecute perpetrators.

Going forward, Public Safety Canada will continue to lead efforts under Canada's National Strategy and, in accordance with the evaluation's Management Action Plan, and in coordination with partners, will review and revise the performance measurement approach with a focus on reducing the number of indicators, collecting outcome data and simplifying the performance measurement narrative.

In accordance with the Treasury Board Policy on Results and the Directive on Results, an evaluation of the National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking took place in 2023-24 covering the period from fiscal year 2019-20 to 2022‑23. The evaluation and its findings will be publicly available in Fall 2024.

An Evaluation of the Expansion to the National Strategy for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation on the Internet was completed in March 2022 (FY 2021-22).

An Evaluation of the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline was completed in January 2023 (FY 2022-23).

A Horizontal Evaluation of the National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking was completed in June 2024 (FY 2024-25).

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