Summary
"The objective of this review is to synthesize the existing published and non-published empirical evidence on the effects of pulling levers focused deterrence strategies on crime and to provide a systematic assessment of the preventive value of this approach. Often, these new approaches represent a specific application of deterrence strategies within a problem-oriented policing framework (Kennedy, 2006; Braga, 2008a; see also Goldstein, 1990; Eck and Spelman, 1987). In short, many focused deterrence strategies use the iterative problem-oriented policing process (scanning, analysis, response, and assessment) to frame an interagency response to deter groups of chronic offenders from continuing their ongoing violent conflicts. More recently, however, these strategic applications of focused deterrence principles have been applied to a wider range of problems such as overt drug markets (Kennedy, 2009). This review will include this wider range of focused deterrence strategies."--Page 9.