Summary
The dissertation provides an account of various policing reforms through the technologies by which they were made real. It assesses 19th century 'disciplinary' reforms in Ontario by contrasting enabling technologies, like appointment criteria and the oath, to shaping technologies, like drill, and comprehensive regulations on conduct. It then looks at early twentieth century occupational professionalization through a further package of people-shaping tools, including an emergent corpus of police knowledge and discourses, professional ethics, and in-house evaluation mechanisms such as examinations . While the fee for service constable had been encouraged to be enterprising, disciplinary reforms worked in the direction of tight regulation through individual supervision and surveillance, and through institutional consolidation and normalization.